A major QTL (<Emphasis Type="Italic">qFT12.1</Emphasis>) allele from wild soybean delays flowering time

Soybean is highly sensitive to photoperiod. To improve the adaptability and productivity of soybean, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating flowering time. To identify new flowering time QTLs, we evaluated a BC₃F₅ population consisting of 120 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) over 2 years under field conditions. CSSLs were derived from a cross between the cultivated soybean cultivar Jackson and the wild soybean accession JWS156-1, followed by continuous backcrossing using Jackson as the recurrent parent. Four QTLs (qFT07.1, qFT12.1, qFT12.2, and qFT19.1) were detected on three chromosomes. Of these, qFT12.1 showed the highest effect, accounting for 36.37–38.27% of the total phenotypic variation over 2 years. This QTL was further confirmed in the F₇ recombinant inbred line population (n?=?94) derived from the same cross (Jackson × JWS156-1). Analysis of the qFT12.1 BC₃F₅ residual heterozygous line RHL509 validated the allele effect of qFT12.1 and revealed that the recessive allele of qFT12.1 resulted in delayed flowering. Evaluating the qFT12.1 near-isogenic lines (NILs) under different growth conditions showed that NILs with the wild soybean genotype always showed later flowering than those with the cultivated soybean genotype. qFT12.1 was delimited to a 2703-kb interval between the markers BARCSOYSSR_12_0220 and BARCSOYSSR_12_0368 on chromosome 12. qFT12.1 may be a new flowering time gene locus in soybean.