Bioturbation of Burrowing Crabs Promotes Sediment Turnover and Carbon and Nitrogen Movements in an Estuarine Salt Marsh |
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Authors: | Jin Qing Wang Xiao Dong Zhang Li Fen Jiang Mark D Bertness Chang Ming Fang Jia Kuan Chen Toshihiko Hara Bo Li |
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Institution: | (1) Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China;(2) Eco-Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201106, People’s Republic of China;(3) Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;(4) Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan |
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Abstract: | Ecological functions of bioturbation in ecosystems have received increasing attention over the recent decades, and crab burrowing
has been considered as one of the major bioturbations affecting the physical and chemical processes in salt marshes. This
study assessed the integrated effects of crab excavating and burrow mimic trapping on sediment turnover and vertical C and
N distributions in a Chinese salt marsh in the Yangtze River estuary. Crab burrowing increased soil water content and the
turnover of carbon and nitrogen and decreased bulk soil density. Vertical movement of materials, nutrient cycling and reuse
driven by crab burrowing might be obstructed by vegetation (Phragmites
australis and Spartina
alterniflora communities). The amount of soil excavated by crab burrowing was higher than that deposited into burrow mimics. In Phragmites marshes, Spartina marshes and unvegetated mudflats, net transport of soil to the marsh surface was 171.73, 109.54, and 374.95 g m−2 d−1, respectively; and the corresponding estimated soil turnover time was 2.89, 4.07 and 1.83 years, respectively. Crab burrowing
in salt marshes can mix surface and deeper soil over a period of years, accelerating litter decomposition and promoting the
efficient reuse of nutrients by plants. Therefore, bioturbation affects soil physical processes and functioning of ecosystems,
and needs to be addressed in ecosystem management. |
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Keywords: | |
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