Spatial Interaction Among Nontoxic Phytoplankton, Toxic Phytoplankton, and Zooplankton: Emergence in Space and Time |
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Authors: | Shovonlal Roy |
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Institution: | (1) School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Alan Turing Building, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK |
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Abstract: | In homogeneous environments, by overturning the possibility of competitive exclusion among phytoplankton species, and by regulating
the dynamics of overall plankton population, toxin-producing phytoplankton (TPP) potentially help in maintaining plankton
diversity—a result shown recently. Here, I explore the competitive effects of TPP on phytoplankton and zooplankton species
undergoing spatial movements in the subsurface water. The spatial interactions among the species are represented in the form
of reaction-diffusion equations. Suitable parametric conditions under which Turing patterns may or may not evolve are investigated.
Spatiotemporal distributions of species biomass are simulated using the diffusivity assumptions realistic for natural planktonic
systems. The study demonstrates that spatial movements of planktonic systems in the presence of TPP generate and maintain
inhomogeneous biomass distribution of competing phytoplankton, as well as grazer zooplankton, thereby ensuring the persistence
of multiple species in space and time. The overall results may potentially explain the sustainability of biodiversity and
the spatiotemporal emergence of phytoplankton and zooplankton species under the influence of TPP combined with their physical
movement in the subsurface water. |
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Keywords: | Phytoplankton Toxin Allelopathy Competitive coexistence Paradox of plankton Diffusion Spatial dynamics |
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