Sequence Analyses and Phylogenetic Characterization of the ZIP Family of Metal Ion Transport Proteins |
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Authors: | BH Eng ML Guerinot D Eide MH Saier Jr |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biochemistry of Membranes, Centre for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, NL |
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Abstract: | Several novel but similar heavy metal ion transporters, Zrt1, Zrt2, Zip1-4 and Irt1, have recently been characterized. Zrt1,
Zrt2 and Zip1-4 are probably zinc transporters in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana whereas Irt1 appears to play a role in iron uptake in A. thaliana. The family of proteins including these functionally characterized transporters has been designated the Zrt- and Irt-related
protein (ZIP) family. In this report, ZIP family proteins in the current databases were identified and multiply aligned, and
a phylogenetic tree for the family was constructed. A family specific signature sequence was derived, and the available sequences
were analyzed for residues of potential functional significance. A fully conserved intramembranous histidyl residue, present
within a putative amphipathic, α-helical, transmembrane spanning segment, was identified which may serve as a part of an intrachannel
heavy metal ion binding site. The occurrence of a proposed extramembranal metal binding motif (H X H X H) was examined in
order to evaluate its potential functional significance for various members of the family. The computational analyses reported
in this topical review should serve as a guide to future researchers interested in the structure-function relationships of
ZIP family proteins.
Received: 31 March 1997/Revised: 14 May 1998 |
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Keywords: | : Metal ion transporters — ZIP family — Iron — Zinc uptake — Plants — Animals — Yeast |
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