东灵山植物群落生活型谱的比较研究

应用由丹麦学者Ｒａｕｎｋｉａｅｒ提出的生活型分类系统，研究了北京东灵山植物群落的生活型，并编制了主要植物群落类型的生活型谱。同时，用主成分分析（ＰＣＡ）作为排序的方法和系统聚类中的离差平方和法与类平均法，对东灵山植物群落的生活型谱进行了排序和分类。并用双重筛选逐步回归的方法分析了环境（气候和土壤）因子与植物群落生活型谱梯度的关系，建立了相应的数学模型。研究结果表明：东灵山地区植物群落生活型谱的特征符合暖温带植物生活型谱的基本特点，地面芽植物占的比例最大。但不同植物群落因所存在的生境有差异，也表现出各自的谱特征。排序的结果与用植物种类成分进行的ＤＣＡ 排序结果吻合度较好，排序的环境梯度特征也十分明显。研究结果还表明：地下芽和中高位芽对于温度梯度的反应比较灵敏；其次是小高位芽和一年生植物；对于水分梯度的变化，则以地上芽和矮高位芽植物的反应比较强烈和敏感。温带植被生活型谱主要特征的地面芽植物在本地区表现稳定，不随各植物群落和水热梯度发生大的波动，显示出地带性的强大约束力。所建立的海拔梯度和群落类型与生活谱的统计数学模型，对于中高位芽、矮高位芽和地下芽植物的相关较好，估测的精度高，而对其它几种生活型的估测较差

STUDY ON LIFE FORM SPECTRUM OF PLANT COMMUNITY IN DONGLING MOUNTAIN

According to the classification system of life form provided by Raunkiaer, Danmark ecologist , the life form of plant communities in Dongling Mountain was analysed, and the life form spectrum was organized.Ordination and classification of the life form of plant community were done by principle component analysis (PCA) and systemic cluster analysis.The relationship between environmental factors (climate and soil) and plant life form gradient was analysed by doub sieving progressive regression method, and mathematical models were set up.The results showed that the characters of life form of plant community were conformed to the general regular pattern of warm temperate plant life form of the world, i.e the hemicryptophyte occupies highest percentage in the community.The result of ordination and classification of life form of plant community is similar to the result of those of plant species of the community.The reaction to temperature gradient is most sensitive in geophyte and mid phaenerophyte, less in little phaenerophyte.The reaction to moisture gradientis most sensitive in chamaephyte and short phaenerophyte.The percenage of hemicryptophyte is relatively stable in this area, indicating a strong binding force of the zones.The statistical models of elevant and life form spectrum of plant community are better correlated with the mid phaenerophyte, short phaenerophyte and geophyte.