干旱区石羊河流域河水孢粉组合特征

石羊河流域初春和仲夏两季不同地点 ,洪水期、平水期 30个河水样孢粉分析显示 ,没有人类影响的情况下 ,河水样孢粉组合是由河流上游径流区的植物孢粉和采样点附近植被孢粉组成的 ,前者在孢粉组合中至少占30 %～ 6 0 %。河水搬运孢粉的能力非常强 ,可长距离、大量地搬运孢粉。孢粉组合中河水贡献孢粉的含量较高 ,如 :云杉属 (PiceaDietr.)花粉河水的贡献率在中下游可达 16 .5 %和 7.7%。采样时间、地点影响河水的孢粉组合和浓度 ,洪水期是孢粉搬运的主要时期。河水经过水库后 ,其中孢粉绝大多数沉积在水库中。

Pollen Assemblage Features of Modern Water Samples from the Shiyang River Drainage, Arid Region of China

Pollen analysis of 30 modern water samples from the Shiyang River, an internal river system located between the Tengger and Badain Jaran deserts, Northwest China was carried out to examine the river's capacity to carry pollen and spores, and to assess the contribution of the water_borne pollen to pollen assemblages in lake sediments at the end of the river system. Results indicate the pollen assemblages in water samples consist of both local and upland pollen. Percentages of upland pollen reach 30%-60%, and pollen assemblages in water samples do not indicate the nature of local vegetation at the sampling sites. Fluvial currents have the capacity to transport large quantities of pollen long distances, and the contribution of this fluvial transported pollen is relatively high. For example, percentages of Picea Dietr. pollen in water samples at sampling sites 130 km and 145 km away from Picea forests reach 16.5% and 7.7%, respectively. Fluvial pollen transport occurs primarily during flood periods, and pollen concentrations from the flood samples are 17.1-12.5 times those from normal fluvial flow. Reservoirs affect pollen transportation since pollen is deposited at reservoir inlets and pollen concentrations are much reduced at reservoir outlets. Human activity can thus change natural features of pollen transportation and deposition. The main factors influencing pollen concentrations and assemblages are sampling time, sampling location, and rainfall intensity.