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铜陵市狮子山铜尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植被演替规律
引用本文:王友保,刘登义,张莉,李影,储玲.铜陵市狮子山铜尾矿废弃地生态恢复过程中植被演替规律[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2004,46(7):780-787.
作者姓名:王友保  刘登义  张莉  李影  储玲
作者单位:安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽师范大学生命科学学院 芜湖241000,安徽师范大学重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241000,芜湖241000,安徽师范大学重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241000,芜湖241000,芜湖241000,安徽师范大学重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241000,芜湖241000,安徽师范大学重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室,芜湖241000
基金项目:安徽省自然科学基金(03043501),安徽省教育厅自然科学基金(2003kj156),重要生物资源保护与利用研究安徽省重点实验室基金。~~
摘    要:通过对铜陵市狮子山铜尾矿废弃地植被的实地调查,探讨了该废弃地的植被状况及其植被恢复过程中的植物群落形成与演替的一般规律与特征。结果表明目前废弃地入侵、定居植物共49种,隶属于15科38属,主要包括菊科(12种)、禾本科(11种)、豆科(8种)等。极端贫瘠和过高的重金属含量(特别是Cu、Cd,平均超出对照土样的20~30倍)是限制植物在废弃地定居的主要因素。全部植物中,一、二年生草本植物26种,多年生草本植物20种。风播种子和果实是废弃地植物繁殖体的主要来源。尾矿废弃地植物群落形成具有先锋植物的入侵、定居、群聚和竞争等过程,共形成了14种相对稳定的小群落,包括单优势种群落、次优势种群落和共优势种群落三种类型。伴随着尾矿废弃地植物群落的形成与演替,群落中物种丰富度增大,多样性指数呈增加趋势,而群落内植物种综合优势比间的差值趋于减小。

关 键 词:铜尾矿废弃地  生态恢复  植被演替  规律

Patterns of Vegetation Succession in the Process of Ecological Restoration on the Deserted Land of Shizishan Copper Tailings in Tongling City
Authors:WANG You-Bao    LIU Deng-Yi    ZHANG Li  LI Ying    CHU Ling
Institution:WANG You-Bao1,2,LIU Deng-Yi1,2*,ZHANG Li1,LI Ying1,2,CHU Ling1,2
Abstract:Through the field investigation and laboratory analysis, this paper describes the regularpattern of community succession on the deserted land of Shizishan copper tailings in Tongling City. Thereare 49 species of natural colonized plants on the wasteland, which are subordinate to 15 families and 38genera. The main families are Compositae (12 species), Gramineae (11 species), Leguminosae (8 species)and Hippochaete ramosissimum, which belong to Equisetaceae. The extreme soil infertility and excessivelyconcentration of heavy metals (especially Cu and Cd) are the main limiting factors to plants colonization.The vegetation on the deserted land of copper tailings is distributed in spot piece and scattered mainly withfewer species of plant, with lower species diversity. Annual and biennial herbs and grasses are dominantcomponents. Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica var. major, Lespedeza chinensis, Erigeron annuus andH. ramosissimum etc. have a higher summed dominance ratio. The natural formation of plant communityon the deserted land of copper tailings usually goes through seeds spread, invasion, ecesis, aggregation andspecies competition. After several years of primary natural restoration, 14 communities were formed.According to their community composition and structure level, the 14 communities are divided into threeprimary succession stages, namely monodominant, subdominant and codominant species communities.With the formation and succession of these communities, species were enriched and diversity increased,the margin of summed dominance ratio of species in each community decreased, and the composition orstructure of community became complex.
Keywords:deserted land of copper tailings  ecological restoration  vegetation succession  pattern
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