K型小麦细胞质雄性不育保持系T911289中外源遗传物质的初步鉴定

利用荧光基因组原位杂交(GISH)、生化标记和DNA分子标记技术对普通小麦(triticum aestivum L.)K型细胞质雄性不育保持系T911289的染色体组成进行了鉴定与分析。GISH鉴定和黑麦特异散布重复序列的检测结果表明，T911289的外源遗传物质来源于黑麦，黑麦1RS上的微卫星引物SCM9扩增结果和醇溶蛋白酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A—PAGE)分析、低分子量谷蛋白的sDS_PAGE分析均表明，T911289所含的黑麦遗传物质来源于1RS；A-PAGE和SDS-PAGE分析及小麦1BS上的微卫星引物的扩增结果则表明，‘1911289缺少1BS染色体臂或1BS末端片段。GISH鉴定结果还表明，‘1911289中有罗泊逊易位和小片段易位两种类型的杂交信号，说明T911289是一个异质群体，但其罗泊逊易位又不同于生产上大面积应用的1BL／1RS易位，它可能是一种新的复杂易位形式。虽然T911289的小片段易位未能打破优异农艺性状与劣质蛋白基因的连锁，但这种小片段易位的获得将有利于小麦和黑麦的遗传研究，这种种质材料在育种上的应用价值也应优于罗泊逊易位。

Primary Identification of Alien Chromatin in T911289,a Maintainer of Wheat Male Sterile Line with Cytoplasm of Aegilops kotschyi

The genomic composition of T911289, a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) maintainer of K_CMS, was examined by several methods, such as genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), biochemical marking, and DNA molecular marking. The results got by GISH and PCR amplification of dispersed rye_specific repetitive DNA sequence suggested that the alien chromatin in T911289 derived from rye. Specifically PCR amplification of the rye_specific microsatellite primers (SCM9) and seed storage protein analysis indicated that the alien chromatin in T911289 had developed from the short arm of 1R chromosome of rye (1RS). PCR amplification by using microsatellite primers locating on 1BS and seed storage protein analysis also revealed that T911289 had lost the arm of 1BS or a small distal segment of it. We conclude that T911289 is a heterogeneous population which displays two distinct different types of translocation, i.e. the Robertsonian translocation and small segment translocation. The Robertsonian translocation type observed in our study is different from the 1BL/1RS translocation which is widely used in wheat production; it may be a novel and complex translocation form. Though the linkage between the desirable agronomic traits and the deleterious genes expressed as sticky dough has not got broken in T911289, the recovery of small segment translocation will still benefit the genetic study of wheat and rye.