含水量对种子贮藏寿命的影响

建立以收集种子为主体的基因库乃是当今保护植物种质资源最为普遍且可靠易行的方式，在世界库存约 61 0 0 0 0 0份种质资源中，近 90 %是以种子形式保存于约 1 30 0个基因库中。低温贮藏仍是目前基因库中种子种质保存的主要方法。种子含水量和贮藏温度是影响种子在贮藏期间生活力和活力保持的关键因素。传统的经验认为控制温度比控制水分来得安全有效，因而趋向于向低温或超低温的贮藏方向发展。国际植物遗传资源研究所（ＩＰＧＲＩ）曾推荐 5%～ 6%的含水量和 - 1 8～- 2 0℃低温作为各国长期保存种子的理想条件。目前，世界各国都把更多的…

Effect of Seed Moisture Content on Seed Storage Longevity

The seed moisture content (MC) is one of the key factors affecting the seed longevity. It was generally recognized that a further reduction in seed MC below the empirical critical MC (5%) could induce harmful effect on seed viability. However, some studies have showed that there is no harmful effect induced by ultradrying in some seeds, and that the storability of ultradried seed is improved during past ten years. It was recently demonstrated that drying seed beyond the optimum MC provided no additional benefit to longevity and may even accelerate the rate of aging. Further researches on the determining of the optimum seed MC might lead to a debate regarding the various parameters involved. Because of the differences in chemical composition of seeds, seed MC can not reflect the actual state of water in seed. Studies on physical state as well as thermodynamic analysis of water in seed would provide theoretical bases for ultradry seed storage.