应用荧光原位杂交和RFLP标记检测多小穗小麦新种质10-A中的黑麦染色质

利用ＡＰＡＧＥ、荧光原位杂交技术和ＲＦＬＰ标记，对导入黑麦（ＳｅｃａｌｅｃｅｒｅａｌｅＬ．）多小穗等性状创制的小麦新种质１０＿Ａ进行了分子标记检测。ＡＰＡＧＥ分析发现，１０＿Ａ与其他１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ易位系一样，含有１ＲＳ的醇溶蛋白标记位点Ｇｌｄ１Ｂ３。以黑麦基因组总ＤＮＡ作探针，用中国春（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍｃｖ．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＳｐｒｉｎｇ）基因组ＤＮＡ作封阻，与１０＿Ａ根尖细胞有丝分裂染色体进行荧光原位杂交。结果表明，黑麦的１ＲＳ易位到１０＿Ａ中。用２５个ＲＦＬＰ探针进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析，进一步发现１０＿Ａ的１ＢＳ特异限制性片段发生丢失，代之以黑麦１ＲＳ的特异限制性片段，而位于其他染色体上的特异限制性片段未发生缺失。据此认为，多小穗小麦新种质１０＿Ａ属于１ＲＳ／１ＢＬ易位系。同时还讨论了１０＿Ａ在小麦遗传改良中的利用情况。

Detection of the Rye Chromatin in Multispikelet Wheat Germplasm 10_A Background Using Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH) and RFLP Markers

The multispikelet genes of rye (Secale cereale L.) in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line 10_A were detected by APAGE, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RFLP markers. APAGE analysis indicated that the 10_A possesed the gliadin marker Gld1B3 of 1RS. Using fluorescence labeled total genomic DNA of rye as probes and common wheat genomic DNA for blocking, in situ hybridization showed that 1RS of rye was transferred to multispikelet wheat line 10 A. The restriction fragments located on the short arm of chromosome 1B were missing and the restriction fragments of 1RS were present when the probes, which have been identified on the short arm of the homologous group 1, were used in RFLP analysis. These results suggested that the multispikelet wheat line 10 A carried the 1RS/1BL wheat rye translocation chromosome. The utilization of 10 A in wheat improvement was discussed.