Effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum on in vitro rooting of micropropagated cuttings of arbuscular mycorrhiza-forming Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus |
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Authors: | Olivier Grange Henry Bärtschi G Gay |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratoire Régional Horticole, Centre de Formation et de Promotion Horticole, 13 Avenue de Verdun, F-69134 Ecully Cedex, France, FR;(2) Université Claude-Bernard LYON 1, CNRS, UMR d’Ecologie Microbienne du Sol (Bat. 405), 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France Fax: +33 04 72 43 16 43; e-mail: gay@cismsun.univ-lyon1.fr, FR |
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Abstract: | The effect of different genotypes of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum on in vitro rooting of micropropagated cuttings of Prunus avium and P. cerasus was studied in an attempt to determine whether ectomycorrhizal fungi could enhance in vitro adventitious root formation in
plants which form arbuscular endomycorrhizas. The rooting percentage of P. avium cuttings was approximately 16% in the absence of hormonal treatment; it increased up to 30% in the presence of 5.7 μM IAA
which was the most favourable auxin concentration. The rooting percentage of cuttings cultivated in the absence of IAA was
enhanced by all the studied strains of H. cylindrosporum. It ranged from 50 to 60% with the IAA-overproducing mutant D 111 or the wild-type dikaryon D1, to 100% in the presence of
the mutants 331 or D 117. The cuttings of P. cerasus showed a higher rooting ability than those of P. avium since approximately 40% of them were able to root in the absence of hormonal treatment. Except for the mutant D117, their
rooting percentage was not significantly improved by H. cylindrosporum. Fungal inoculation also affected the survival of cuttings at acclimatization: 50% of the uninoculated P. avium cuttings survived whereas the survival percentage of inoculated cuttings ranged from 30 to 100% depending on the fungal genotype.
With P. cerasus, the percentage of survival of uninoculated cuttings ranged from 85 to 100% and fungi either did not significantly improve
it or lowered it. At acclimatization fungal hyphae could be observed in close contact with adventitious roots, but they did
not establish mycorrhizal association. The shoot height of P. avium plantlets obtained from inoculated cuttings was not significantly different from that of plantlets originating from uninoculated
ones. By contrast, fungal inoculation generally depressed the growth of acclimatized P. cerasus plantlets. The possibility of using ectomycorrhizal fungi as a tool to enhance rooting of micropropagated cuttings of plants
which do not form ectomycorrhizas is discussed.
Received: 25 November 1996 / Accepted: 2 June 1997 |
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Keywords: | Ectomycorrhizal Hebeloma cylindrosporum Indole-3-acetic acid Rooting Micropropagation Prunus avium |
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