Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Reveals the Origin of Sus scrofa from Rebun Island, Japan |
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Authors: | Takuma Watanobe Naotaka Ishiguro Naohiko Okumura Masuo Nakano Akira Matsui Hitomi Hongo Hiroshi Ushiro |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Bioresource Chemistry, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan, JP;(2) Department of Veterinary Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan, JP;(3) Second Research Division, Society for Techno-innovation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan, JP;(4) Nara National Cultural Properties Research Institute, Nara, Nara 630-8577, Japan, JP;(5) Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan, JP;(6) The Historical Museum of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hokkaido 004-0006, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | The Kabukai A site (5 to 8C A.D.) of the Okhotsk cultural area is on Rebun Island, a small island near the coast, north–northwest
of Hokkaido, Japan. Specimens of Sus scrofa, called the Sakhalin pig, were discovered in five cultural layers at the Kabukai A site. Ancient DNA was extracted from the
remains of 42 Sakhalin pig bones. Thirty-nine nucleotide sequences of the 574-bp mitochondrial DNA control region, estimated
to have originated from at least 21 individuals, were amplified and analyzed phylogenetically. Nine distinct haplotypes (A1,
A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, and D2) from this site were classified into four haplotype groups (A, B, C, and D) by parsimonious
network analysis. Phylogenetic analysis of 9 ancient and 55 modern haplotypes indicated that the population of Sakhalin pigs
at the Kabukai A site belonged to two distinct clusters; haplotype groups A and B formed a cluster comprised only of themselves,
and haplotype groups C and D belonged to the cluster of one of the two genetic groups of Japanese wild boars uniquely distributed
in the western part of Japan, including one northeast Mongolian wild boar. Analysis of the haplotype distribution among three
archaeological sites and their historical transitions among the five layers reflecting the cultural periods at the Kabukai
A site suggests that the Sakhalin pig populations were introduced from Sakhalin island and the Amur River basin in the northeastern
Eurasian continent together with some cultural influences.
Received: 18 April 2000 / Accepted: 24 November 2000 |
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Keywords: | :Sus scrofa— Ancient DNA — Mitochondrial DNA — Control region — Population structure — Molecular phylogeny |
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