Characterization and Evolution of mariner Elements from Closely Related Species of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) |
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Authors: | Cristina Torti Ludvik M Gomulski Anna R Malacrida Pierre Capy Giuliano Gasperi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Animal Biology, University of Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, I-27100 Pavia, Italy, IT;(2) Laboratoire de Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France, FR;(3) Institute of Zoology, University of Sassari, via Muroni 25, I-07100 Sassari, Sardinia, Italy, IT |
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Abstract: | Mariner elements were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction from two species of tephritid flies, Ceratitis rosa and Trirhithrum coffeae. The sequences were ∼1.3 kb in length. None of these elements appeared to be functional, as in every case the open reading
frame (ORF) was disrupted by the presence of frameshifts or stop codons. These elements, Crmar1 and Tcmar1, are very similar to the Ccmar1 element previously amplified from the closely related tephritid species C. capitata and are members of the mellifera subfamily of mariner elements. The phylogeny and pattern of divergence of these elements were examined in relation to the phylogeny of the host
species. It is highly probable that the elements were present in the ancestral lineage prior to the divergence of the three
species. The copy numbers of the elements within each species are very different, ranging from about 10 in T. coffeae to 5,000 in C. rosa. The possible mechanisms which determine the copy number of an element in the host genome are discussed.
Received: 25 April 1997 / Accepted: 31 July 1997 |
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Keywords: | :Ceratitis capitata— Ceratitis rosa— Trirhithrum coffeae— mariner — Transposon |
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