叶绿体转化及其用于疫苗表达研究的最新进展

随着植物转基因研究的不断深入,核基因组转化的转基因沉默现象严重影响了基因工程的应用效果。植物叶绿体遗传转化以叶绿体基因组为平台对植物进行遗传操作,外源基因定点整合及母性遗传特性能较好地解决"顺式失活"和"位置效应"等类的基因沉默问题和转基因逃逸等安全问题,成为植物基因工程发展的新方向,在工业、农业及医药生物领域发挥了重要作用,也为生产廉价、安全的植物疫苗提供了新思路。本文在简要介绍叶绿体转化的原理、转化方法与优势的基础上,重点综述了近年来通过该技术表达的一些重要的病毒抗原和细菌抗原。最后,对叶绿体转化技术在表达外源基因方面存在的问题进行分析。未来随着叶绿体基因表达、调控机制研究的逐渐深入及相关技术体系的日臻完善,叶绿体转化有望成为疫苗生产的生力军。

Chloroplast Transformation and the Latest Progress of its Application in Vaccine Expression

With the deepening research into plant transgenosis, the application effect of genetic engineering has been seriously influenced by the transgenic silencing. By using chloroplast genome as a platform, chloroplast genetic transformation manipulates genes in plant. The advantages of exogenous gene site integration and maternal inheritance can effectively overcome the security issues of "gene silencing"and "transgene escape", such as "cis-inactivation"and"position effect". Therefore, chloroplast genetic transformation could lead a new perspective to the plant genetic engineering. It plays an important role in the industrial, agricultural and biomedical fields, and also provides new strategies to manufacture cheap and safe plant vaccine. In this paper, we briefly introduce the principles of chloroplast transformation, its methods and superiority. In addition, we review and highlight recent studies of chloroplast engineering related to some important vaccine antigens expression, including viral antigens and bacterial antigens. Finally, some problems about chloroplast transformation technology in expressing foreign genes were discussed. In the future, with continuous reinforcement of the research about chloroplast gene expression, and regulation mechanism, as well as the improvement of the related technical system, the chloroplast transformation is expected to become the vital force of the vaccine production.