山茱萸种质资源数量性状分析及核心种质库评价

对从全国收集的75份山茱萸种质资源，从叶长、叶宽、果实横径、果实纵径、鲜果百粒重、种子千粒重、种子含水量、枣皮灰分、枣皮水分、水溶性浸出物和马钱素含量等表型性状，通过分析其变异系数和各性状间的相关性，采用欧氏系统聚类法抽取核心种质，并对构建的核心种质库进行评价。分析结果显示，75份山茱萸种质资源在叶长、叶宽、鲜果百粒重、种子千粒重、枣皮灰分和马钱素含量等性状上的变异系数均高于10%，说明这些性状变化范围较大，个体间性状不稳定，易受环境因素的影响；而果实横径、果实纵径、种子含水量、枣皮水分和水溶性浸出物的变异系数均低于10%，说明这些性状变异较小，表型性状比较稳定。相关性分析结果显示，各性状间都存在一定的相关性，其中果实纵径和果实横径与鲜果百粒重呈显著正相关(0.396b和0.312b)，说明果实纵横径是影响果实重量的关键因素；水溶性浸出物大小与果实横径、果实纵径、马钱素含量呈现显著性正相关(0.481b、0.280a和0.372b)，表明水溶性浸出物含量的高低与山茱萸有效成分马钱素含量和果实大小及形状密切正相关，这将为种质的筛选和评价提供依据。通过最小距离逐步抽样法抽出22份种质构成核心种质库（占初始种质库的29.33%）,采用欧氏距离聚类对抽样构成的初级核心种质库进行评价，结果显示，各性状均值t检验均不显著，并且极差符合率（CR%= 90.63%）大于80%，说明抽取的初级核心种质库能够很好地代表原有种质，从而达到了提高种质保存效率的目的，这将为进一步研究山茱萸核心种质库构建和其它药用植物构建核心种质提供参考。

Analysis of quantitative traits and evaluation of core collection of Cornus officinalis germplasm resource

Abstract: In this study, 75 germplasm resources in the primary core collection of Cornus officinalis were collected from three provinces in China. Many quantitative traits, including leaf length, leaf breadth, fruit length, fruit broad, fresh fruit 100-seed weight, seed 1000-seed weight, seed moisture content, ash content of date bark, moisture content of date bark, water soluble extractives and content of Loganin, were analyzed on coefficient of variability and correlation. The core collections were sampled by Euclidean hierarchical clustering method from the primary core collection, and then the construction of the core collection of C. officinalis was evaluated. The results showed that the coefficient of variability in leaf length, leaf breadth, fresh fruit 100-seed weight, seed 1000-seed weight, ash content of date bark and content of Loganin were higher than 10%. It indicated that there were large changes and it was not instability in these characteristics between individuals. The coefficient of variability in fruit length, fruit broad, seed moisture content, moisture content of date bark and water soluble extractives were less than 10%, which indicated that there were less variation and these traits were relatively stable between individual. Correlation analysis results showed that there was a relationship in these traits. The fruit length and fruit breadth had a significant correlation to fresh fruit 100-seed weight (0.396b and 0.312b), which suggested that it was a key reason that the fruit of length and breadth affected the fresh fruit 100-seeds weight. There was significant correlation between the fruit length, the fruit breadth, the content of Loganin and water-soluble extractives, respectively (0.481b, 0.280a and 0.372b). It meaned that the characteristic of water-soluble extractives contents closely related to the fruit size, the fruit shape and content of Loganin. These results will provide a parameter for screening and evaluating the germplasm resources of C. officinalis in the future. There were only 22 samples (29.33% in total) after the core collection was constructed from primary core collection by least distance stepwise sampling (LDSS). The results of T verification and the poor compliance rate (CR%=90.63 > 80%) showed there was no significance between core collection and the primary core collection of C. officinalis. The results showed that the core collection was a better representative sample of the primary collection with minimum repetitiveness and maximum genetic diversity of C. officinalis. The methods of construction and the core collection will provide a reference and research basis for construction of the core collection to C. officinalis or the other medicinal plant resources.