山桐子实生优树选择研究初报

以四川等8个省份的山桐子野生资源为研究对象,通过实地走访和调查,了解山桐子资源分布状况和生态环境,利用产量、含油率等经济性状对山桐子野生群体进行优株选择。结果表明:安徽、江苏、浙江、江西各地主要以山桐子分布,而湖北、湖南、陕西、四川等地主要以山桐子的变异类型——毛叶山桐子为主,其中四川省毛叶山桐子分布较为密集;通过对各地点气候条件和土壤条件分析得出,山桐子适应性强,对气候要求不严,适合在微酸性土壤生长,尤喜肥沃土壤;根据能源油料植物原则对山桐子提出选优标准,从234株山桐子实生树中初步选择43个单株;主成分分析和聚类分析结果将43个单株划分为最高产量、较高产量和中产量3大类,且所有单株的单株产量、单位面积产量和全果含油率3个主要经济指标均高出群体平均值20%以上。本研究为山桐子种质资源收集与评价、优良种质或品种的选育奠定了重要基础。

Selection of the Plus Trees of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. from the Natural Seedlings

Distribution of resources and ecological environment for Idesia polycarpa were revealed via visiting and investigation in field, and the plus trees were selected through the economic characters such as yield and oil contents from the wild populations in eight provinces. The results were as follows: Idesia polycarpa Maxim. is mainly distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces, while Idesia polycarpa Van Vestita Diels is mainly distributed in Hubei, Hunan, Shanxi and Sichuan provinces, especially densely distributed in Sichuan province. The characters of high adaptability, low requirement to the climate, and the suitability to grow in the acidic soil, especially in fertile soil for Idesia polycarpa were revealed after the investigation of climate and soil conditions. Forty-three plus trees were preliminarily chosen from 234 seedling trees based on the criteria of superior selection for Idesia polycarpa as energy oil plants. Forty-three plus trees were divided into three major categories of the highest, higher and middle yield according to the principal component and cluster analysis, and yield per plant, yield per unit area and oil contents of forty-three individuals were higher than those of group average by more than 20%. The studies lay an improtant foundation for collection and evaluation of germplasm resources, breeding of cultivated varieties of Idesia polycarpa.