重庆大巴山区野生猕猴桃资源调查和遗传多样性分析

为探讨重庆大巴山区野生猕猴桃资源的分布现状和遗传多样性,进一步保护和挖掘有价值的野生种质资源,本试验在重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃聚集区开展实地调查、采集,重点分析该地区野生猕猴桃果实特异性和多样性。结果显示:重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃集中分布在海拔978~1758 m的高山上,以中华、美味及两者混杂类型分布为主,另有软枣、显脉和硬齿猕猴桃等野生资源分布,该区域以城口县野生猕猴桃资源最为丰富。果实性状分析显示了重庆大巴山野生猕猴桃有着丰富的表型性状多样性,SSR标记从DNA层面也印证了这一点。采集的41个野生资源按成熟期分类可分成3类:早熟资源5个、中熟资源34个和晚熟资源2个。有14个资源的可溶性固形物达到15%以上,4个资源的VC含量达到200 mg/100 g以上。另外,根据资源特异性筛选出5个有较高应用价值的野生资源。重庆大巴山地区蕴含的丰富野生猕猴桃资源可为猕猴桃人工驯化、品种改良提供种质资源。

Investigation and Diversity Analysis of Wild Actinidia Resources in Daba Mountain of Chongqing

The field study and sampling, focusing on the analysis of the specificity and diversity of the wild Actinidia resources, have been made in order to address the present distribution and genetic diversity of such fruit resources in the Daba Mountain of Chongqing, for further protecting and exploiting such germplasm resources. The results showed that the wild Actinidia resources in this area, dominated by A. chinensis, A. deliciosa, and their hybrid types, also including A. venosa, A. callosa and A. arguta, are centrally distributed in high mountains, at an altitude of 978m to 1758m. In all survey areas, Chengkou County was the most abundant in wild Actinidia species. The analysis of fruit characters indicated that a great variety of phenotype diversity and resources specificity widely exist among the kiwifruits in the Daba Mountain of Chongqing. This was confirmed by SSR molecular markers from the genetic level. The 41 wild Actinidia resources can be divided into three types based on their maturity: 5 early-maturing kiwifruit varieties, 34 mid-maturing kiwifruit varieties and 2 late-maturing kiwifruit varieties. There were 14 kiwifruit resources with soluble solids above 15% and 4 kiwifruit resources with VC content more than 200 mg / 100 g. In addition, of them five with high practical value have been singled out. The conclusion could be drawn that the kiwifruit resources in the Daba Mountain of Chongqing have a great potential for domestication and breed improvement.