葡萄品种DNA指纹数据库的构建及遗传多样性分析

利用SSR分子标记技术对314份葡萄品种进行了DNA指纹数据库构建和遗传多样性分析,为葡萄品种鉴定、亲缘关系分析和植物品种权保护提供科学依据。结果表明:9对引物共扩增出199个等位基因,多态性位点为199个,多态性比率达100%,每个标记检测到的位点数在17~31之间,平均为22.1个;多态性信息含量(PIC)值变幅在0.793~0.886之间,平均值为0.839。本研究发现3组同名异物品种和9组疑似同物异名品种,除此之外的290份品种中,70份品种仅需1对引物即可区分开,其余品种需要引物组合来实现品种之间的区分。最少选用8对引物即可完全区分开290份葡萄品种。最终利用8对多态性SSR引物构建了314份供试材料的DNA指纹数据库,聚类分析结果表明:263份二倍体供试材料可被分为真葡萄亚属和圆叶葡萄亚属两大类,而真葡萄亚属又被分为15个亚类。51份多倍体供试材料被分为3组,聚类结果与供试材料已知的系谱来源基本吻合。

Construction of DNA Fingerprinting and Analysis of Genetic Diversity for Grape Cultivars

The aim of this study is to construct a DNA fingerprint database of 314 grape accessions, analyze the genetic diversity based on the genomic DNA simple sequence repeats (SSR), and to provide a scientific reference for the cultivar identification, genetic analysis and plant varieties protection. By using 9 SSR primer sets to analyze the 314 grape samples, 199 alleles were produced, of which the polymorphic loci were 199 and the ratio of polymorphism was 100%. Each SSR marker detected 17-31 alleles (with an average of 22.1). The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.793 to 0.886, with an average of 0.839. In this study, we suspected that 3 groups were homonyms and 9 groups were synonyms. In the remaining 290 grape accessions, seventy cultivars could be identified with one primer pair and the other cultivars could be identified with primer combinations. The 290 cultivars could be completely distinguished from each other with only 8 primer pairs. In summary, DNA fingerprint database of the 314 grape cultivars was constructed by using 8 SSR primer sets. Cluster analysis of the fingerprint database showed that the 263 diploids could be divided into two groups: Subgen. Euvitis Planch. and Subgen. Muscadinia Planch. The former group were further divided into 1 large group and 14 small groups. 51 polyploids were divided into 3 groups. The clustering results were basically in good agreement with the family tree of the tested cultivars.