小麦抗倒性研究进展

倒伏是严重影响小麦子粒产量和品质的一个重要因素。本文系统阐述了小麦茎秆形态和结构特性、茎秆化学成分与抗倒伏关系以及抗倒性的遗传和分子标记等方面的最新研究进展。株高、基部节间长度与抗倒性呈负相关;而基部节间粗度、秆壁厚、单位长度干重与抗倒性呈正相关。茎秆机械组织细胞层数、厚度,维管束数目、面积以及髓腔大小与抗倒性密切相关。茎秆化学成分中纤维素、木质素以及碳水化合物含量和硅、钾元素含量与抗倒性呈正相关。小麦抗倒性呈数量性状遗传特征,除受多对主基因控制外,可能还受微效修饰基因作用。采用分子标记技术已将抗倒性以及与抗倒性相关的茎秆形态性状进行了QTL定位。

Progress of Research on Lodging Resistance in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Lodging is one of the major factors affecting grain yield and quality in wheat production. The paper highlighted progresses made on relationships between culm morphological and anatomical characters, chemical components with lodging resistance, genetic analysis and molecular markers for lodging resistance. Plant height and length of basal internodes were negatively correlated with lodging resistance, while culm diameter, wall thickness and dry weight per cm of basal internodes were positively associated with lodging resistance. Culm anatomical characters involving thickness and the cell layer of sclerenchyma (mechanical tissues), the number of vascular bundlers and the area of single vascular bundler, and pith diameter were closely associated with lodging resistance. Culm chemical components including cellulose and lignin content, the amount of carbohydrate stored in culm, and quantity of silicon and potassium were positively related with lodging resistance. Lodging resistance was a quantitative trait, and it was governed by several major genes and possibly minor modifying ones. QTLs associated with lodging resistance and related culm morphological and physiological traits were identified.