玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价

在2003-2005年间,对604份玉米种质进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米螟鉴定,筛选出抗弯孢菌叶斑病的材料93份,抗玉米螟材料22份。2006-2009年间,对836份玉米种质进行了抗大斑病、茎腐病、穗腐病和瘤黑粉病的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批高抗和多抗的资源。在836份资源中,对大斑病1、2和N号3个生理小种具有抗性的材料均为50%左右;抗茎腐病材料为41.3%,高抗和抗性种质分别为264和81份;穗腐病高抗和抗性种质分别为5和171份,占比为21.1%;瘤黑粉病高抗和抗性种质各261和14份,占总鉴定材料的32.9%。上述结果表明抗大斑病、茎腐病和瘤黑粉病的种质资源较为丰富。通过对抗性结果进行对比分析,发现不同生态区玉米种质的抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在明显差异,黑龙江和内蒙古的种质对病虫害的抗性强弱及多样性程度明显高于四川种质。此外,玉米自交系对病虫害的抗性强弱以及多抗性程度高于农家种。

Screening and Evaluation of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Five Diseases and Asian Corn Borer

Among 604maize accessions screened in 2003-2005,93 were resistant to Curvularia leaf spot and 22 were resistant to Asian corn borer.From 2006 to 2009,836maize accessions were identified and evaluated for resistance to northern corn leaf blight,Pythium stalk rot,Fusarium ear rot and common smut and some of them were highly resistant and multiplely resistant.Approximately 50% of maize accessions with resistance to northern corn leaf blight race1,2 and N were screened,respectively.41.3% of accessions were resistant to Pythium stalk rot,including 264 highly resistant and 81 resistant.5 and 171 accessions were highly resistant and resistant to Fusarium ear rot,respectively,accounting for 21.1% of total accessions screened.32.9% of accessions with different resistance to common smut was screened,261 highly resistant and 14 resistant lines were discovered.Based on the above data,we thought there were relatively abundant maize germplasm with resistance to northern corn leaf blight,Pythium stalk rot and common smut.There were differences in resistance level and diversity among maize germplasm from different ecological areas,for instance,there was higher level of resistance and more multiple resistance in germplasm from Heilongjiang province and Inner mongolia than that from Sichuan province.In addition,there was higher level of resistance and more multiple resistance in maize inbred lines than in landraces.