杂种优势形成的表观遗传学研究进展

杂种优势是一种复杂的生物学现象,在农业生产上得到了广泛的应用,但对其形成的遗传机理和分子基础尚不清楚。随着表观遗传学的深入研究,尤其是DNA甲基化、小分子RNA和组蛋白修饰等技术的发展,为杂种优势形成的分子基础提供了新的研究策略和技术手段。DNA甲基化、小分子RNA、组蛋白三者在杂交种中水平的改变与杂种优势有着一定关系,同时,三者之间相互作用调节基因表达影响杂种优势。本文简述了近年来表观遗传学在杂种优势形成中的作用和遗传机制等方面的研究进展,并且提出了目前存在的问题和下一步的研究方向。本综述将有助于从表观遗传学的角度认识杂种优势的形成机理,从而促进对杂种优势的表观遗传学基础的理解及其在植物杂交育种上的应用研究。

The Research Progress of Epigenetic insights into the molecular bases Bases of Heterosis

Heterosis is a complex biological phenomenon and has been widely used in agricultural production. However, the formation mechanisms and molecular basis for of this phenomenon remains elusive. The further development of epigenetics, especially the development of techniques in DNA methylation, small RNA and histone modification, provides new strategy and approaches for the study of the molecular bases of heterosis. The previous researches indicate that there was a certain relationship between the varied level of DNA methylation, small RNA, histone and heterosis in hybrid. DNA methylation, small RNA and histone modification played important roles in heterosis. Meanwhile, the interaction amongof DNA methylation, small RNA and histone modification involved in gene expression which lead to the formation of heterosis. This paper review summarizeds the progress of the role and genetic mechanism of epigenetics in heterosis in recent years, as well as the problems and key issues which should be focused in the following researches. It will be helpful for the better understanding of the mechanism of heterosis, and facilitate the study on the epigenetic basis of heterosis and application in plant breeding in the future.