枣不同基因型在体愈伤芽再生能力评价与同质多倍体新种质创制

枣树田间在体愈伤途径同质多倍体诱导新技术可有效避免倍性嵌合体产生,快速获得纯多倍体。在体愈伤芽再生是该技术成功应用的基础。利用该技术,对115个枣和4个酸枣基因型的田间愈伤芽再生能力进行了评价,并对4个枣基因型进行了多倍体诱导。结果表明:94.78%的枣基因型和100%的酸枣基因型可诱导出愈伤组织,80%的枣基因型和100%的酸枣基因型实现了芽再生。不同枣基因型间出愈率存在显著差异,变幅为0~100%,平均出愈率为76.48%,变异系数为37%;基于出愈率将供试基因型分为5类,即易出愈伤、较易出愈伤、较难出愈伤、难出愈伤和不出愈伤基因型。不同基因型的平均单枝截面出芽数差异显著(0~10.33个),平均出芽数为1.84;据出芽率也可将供试基因型分为5类,即易出芽、较易出芽、较难出芽、难出芽和不出芽基因型。出愈率和出芽率没有显著相关性,易出愈伤的基因型不一定易出芽。利用田间愈伤途径同质多倍体诱导新技术,获得了乐金1号、宁夏长枣、运城婆婆枣3个枣品种的纯四倍体新种质和磨盘枣的纯三倍体新种质。

In vivo Bud Regeneration Ability and Homogeneous Polyploid Induction via Callus of Different Jujube Genotypes

The novel approach we created for in vivo induction of homogeneous autopolyploid (IVIHA) via callus could effectively avoid mixploid formation and rapidly obtain pure polyploid in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.). In vivo bud regeneration via callus (IVBR) is the basis of successful application of this new approach. Using this approach, the abilities of IVBR of 115 Chinese jujube genotypes and 4 sour jujube (Z. acidojujuba Cheng et Liu), the wild ancestor of Chinese jujube, were evaluated, and 4 genotypes of Chinese jujube were chosen for polyploid induction. The results showed that 94.78% Chinese jujube genotypes and 100% sour jujube genotypes formed calluses, and 80% Chinese jujube genotypes and 100% sour jujube genotypes regenerated buds via callus. The callus formation ratio differed with genotypes, ranged from 0%-100%, averaged of 76.48% with variation coefficient of 37%; Based on callus formation ratio the tested genotypes were classified into 5 groups, i.e., genotypes easy for callus formation, genotypes less easy for callus formation, genotypes less difficult for callus formation, genotypes difficult for callus formation and genotypes with no callus formation. The bud regeneration rate (average bud number per branch cross section) was also significantly different (0-10.33) among genotypes with average of 1.84, and thereby the tested genotypes were divided into 5 groups according to their bud regeneration rate. There is no significant co-relationship between callus formation ratio and bud regeneration rate, in other words, genotypes with high callus formation ratios not always have high bud regeneration rates. With the IVIHA approach (combining in vivo bud regeneration via callus with colchicines inducement), pure tetraploid germplasms of 3 Chinese jujube genotypes (Leling 1, Ningxiachangzao, Yunchengpopozao) and 1 pure triploid germplasm (Mopanzao) were firstly created.