怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源形态性状遗传多样性分析

通过对255份怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的24个形态性状进行评价,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的果实单果重量、果实长度、果核重量、果核长度、果实形状、果皮颜色、果肉颜色、果实香气、果实风味、果实成熟期等形态性状均具有丰富的多样性。11个数量性状的变异系数为12.44%~56.44%,其中果实单果重量的变异系数最大,叶片宽度最小;13个质量性状的Shannon-weaver指数范围为0.68~2.21,平均值为1.42,其中果肉颜色指数最大,叶片质地指数最小。聚类结果将255份杧果材料聚为3大类,其中果皮厚,果小,种核大,可食率低,早熟,品味酸甜,品质差的杧果种质占很大比例。这些种质资源在不同地区收集的材料之间存在明显的遗传差异,但部分地区内的杧果材料表现出明显的遗传分化。通过表型评价鉴定,初步筛选出具有独特香气、反季节开花结果、早熟、小果型、高产等性状的特异种质资源35份。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Mango(Mangifera indica) Germplasm Resources in Nujiang Valley Based on Morphological Characters

The genetic diversity of 255 mango germplasms in Nujiang Valley were investigated by comparing 24morphological characters.The results showed that the mango germplasm had rich diversity in phenotypic traits,including single fruit weight,fruit length,seed weight,seed width,fruit shape,pericarp color,flesh color,aroma,taste,and maturity date.The wide variation were among the 11 quality characters of mango with variation efficient of 12.44％-56.44％,the largest coefficient of variation was single fruit weight while the smallest was leaf width.The Shannon-weaver index of 13 quantitative traits in mango was 0.68-2.21,the average diversity indexes was 1.42.The diversity index of the leaf texture was the lowest,while the flesh color were the highest.The thick pericarp,the small fruit,the big seed,the low edible rate,early maturity,sweet and sour,and the poor quality of morphological characters took up a great proportion in 255 mango germplasms,which could be divided into 3 categories by cluster analysis.There existed significant genetic difference among the materials collected from different areas,and those collected from same area also showed significant genetic differentiation.Furthermore,35 specific germplasm resources were initially selected based on identification and evaluation of phenotypic characters,which had characteristic aroma,off-season blossom,early-maturing,small fruit and high yield.