基于全基因组的河北省小麦品种遗传多样性分析

丰富的遗传变异对于提高作物的环境适应性和遗传改良进度至关重要。小麦是重要的粮食作物,河北省作为我国第三大小麦产区,在保障国家粮食安全中占有重要地位。建国以来,河北省审定了大量小麦品种,然而有关其遗传基础的研究却相对缺乏。本研究以1949年至2012年的169份河北省小麦品种为材料,利用覆盖小麦全基因组的SSR标记分析了供试小麦品种的遗传多样性。结果表明,供试河北省小麦品种的3个染色体组中,以B染色体组具有最高的遗传多样性,A组最低;7个同源群中,以第5、4群具有最高的多样性水平,而第7群最低;在21条染色体上的遗传多样性变化较大,以4A、2D具有较高的多样性水平,1A染色体最低。从品种的更新换代角度看,自1949年以来,尽管品种的等位基因频率在下降,河北省小麦品种的多样性水平基本呈现上升趋势。在此基础上,根据遗传相似系数,供试品种可聚为5大类,聚类结果既反映出河北省小麦品种多样性水平的复杂多样,也反映出品种的地域性分布特征。

Genetic diversity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Hebei province based on genome-wide SSR analysis

Diverse genetic variation is of great importance for crop ecological adaption and improvement. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple food for human worldwide. Wheat coverage and production of Hebei province ranked third in China. However, systematically understanding for genetic diversity in this province is scare. Therefore, the objective of present study is to investigate the genetic diversity based on genome-wide SSR markers. The results showed that among the wheat accessions studied, genetic diversity in A genome, the seventh homoeologous group and chromosome 1A is relatively poor. From the historical view, genetic diversity of Hebei wheat accessions presented a slowly increasing trend. Furthermore, based on genetic similarity, these wheat accessions can be clustered into five groups, which did not reflect, to some extent, the diverse characters for Hebei wheat cultivars, but also the breeding behavior in different institutes of Hebei.