新疆冬春麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白遗传多样性研究

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）对236份新疆小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的组成进行了分析。结果表明：Glu-Ⅰ位点共有19种等位基因，其中Glu-Al位点3种，Glu-Bl位点7种，Glu—D1住点9种；亚基null、7＋8、2＋12在各自的位点上出现频率最高，分别达到91．95％、85．17％、80．93％；亚基组成类型共有21种，主要为null／7＋8／2＋12，频率达70．34％；同时筛选出33份含有1、2^＊、13＋16、14＋15、5＋10、1．5＋10、174-18等优质亚基的材料，可作为优质基因源。利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对其中的65份地方品种进行醇溶蛋白多样性分析。结果表明：电泳出现64条迁移率不同的谱带，构成65种组合，其中ω区出现的谱带最多，达17条；其次是β和γ区各16条，α区出现的谱带数最少，为15条。从每条谱带在65份材料中出现的频率看，总的变异范围为1．54％～93．85％；α、β、γ和ω4个分区多样性指数（H1）分别为0．498、0．386、0．523和0．348，表明新疆麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白位点存在丰富的遗传多样性。

Genetic Diversity Analysis on the Storage Proteins of Wheat Landraces from Xinjiang Wheat Production Region

In order to know the genetic diversity of wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area and provide basic materials for improving wheat quality,subunits composition of high molecular weight gluten with a total of 236 wheat landraces were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE.The result indicated that there were 19 alleles on Glu -1 loci,including 3 alleles on Glu-A1 loci,7 alleles on Glu-B1 loci,9 alleles on Glu-D1 loci;And null,7+8,2+12 subunits occurred with highest frequency on each of loci,reaching 91.95%,85.17%,80.93% respectively.There are 21 types of subunit compositions and predominant was null/7+8/2+12 with a frequency of 70.34%.Materials conferred with elite subunits of 1,2~*,13+16,14+15,5+10,1.5+10,17+18 were selected and could be a source of desirable genes.Meanwhile,Gliadin of 65 wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area were analyzed by A-PAGE.It was shown that 64 different spectral gliadin bands were isolated from the materials;the bands including 17 bands in ω region,16 in β and γ regions and 15 in α region,and their frequencies ranged within 1.54%-93.85%.Genetic diversity index( H')of α,β,γ and ω regions were 0.498,0.386,0.523,0.348,respectively.High genetic diversity of storage proteins in wheat landraces of Xinjiang wheat production region was observed.