甘蔗杂交品种核心种质重要农艺性状评价及亲缘关系分析

以107份甘蔗杂交品种核心种质为研究材料,ROC22为对照品种,通过新植和宿根2年的田间试验,对蔗茎公顷产量、甘蔗蔗糖分、公顷含糖量等性状进行最小显著差数法(LSD)两两比较和Duncan多重比较评价,筛选优异材料,利用SSR分子标记建立优异材料与我国骨干亲本的亲缘关系。结果表明36份材料在蔗茎公顷产量、甘蔗蔗糖分、公顷含糖量等指标上优于对照品种,可作为亲本进行杂交,且蔗茎公顷产量对公顷含糖量的影响远大于甘蔗蔗糖分对公顷含糖量的影响;20对SSR引物扩增得到292个标记,其中283个为多态性标记;优异材料与我国骨干亲本相似性系数范围在0.384~0.590之间,平均为0.437,存在较大的遗传差异;UPGMA聚类可将所有材料划分为5个类群,蔗茎公顷产量和公顷含糖量表现优异的材料在各类群都有分布,甘蔗蔗糖分表现优异的材料主要集中在Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群,Ⅲ类群更集中;本研究为甘蔗种质创新、遗传育种提供了优异亲本材料,为杂交组合的配制提供重要指导。

Evaluating on the core collection of sugarcane hybrids based on important agronomic traits and analyzing their genetic relationships

Abstract: Sugarcane hybrids are important parent resources for innovation and genetic breeding of sugarcane. In order to obtain excellent accessions, ROC22 as control variety, the core collection of sugarcane hybrids including 107 accessions were screened by using variance analysis statistic method(LSD and Duncan) based on three important agronomic traits(cane yield per hectare, sucrose in cane and sugar content per hectare). The results showed 36 accessions performed better than control variety in three traits, and cane yield per hectare has bigger influences to sugar content per hectare than sucrose in cane. 20 pairs of SSR primers were selected for investigating the genetic relationships between excellent accessions screened and key parent of sugarcane in china, about 292 markers were obtained, 283 among them belong to polymorphic markers; the value of similarity coefficient among all accessions rang from 0.384 to 0.590, mean value is 0.437, it indicated there are big genetic differences among them. And all accessions can been divided into 5 groups(A-E) by UPGMA analysis, every group was clustered into some accessions performing better in cane yield per hectare and sugar content per hectare, then these clones with high sucrose in cane were mainly placed into B,C,D groups especially C group. Finally, these results will provide important valuable information and direction for innovation and genetic breeding of sugarcane.