梨不同品种花粉生活力测定及授粉特性研究

以19个梨品种为试材,用离体培养法测定在不同贮藏温度下花粉生活力,并调查6个杂交组合和15个梨品种自交的结实特性。结果表明,在培养基中加入硼酸和赤霉素可提高花粉生活力;通过镜检发现大慈梨、八月红、黄金梨3个品种花粉败育;在不同的贮藏条件下,温度越低花粉发芽率下降越缓慢,因此在低温条件下适合花粉长久贮藏;在贮藏过程中,均存在"短期被迫休眠现象",且随温度的降低被迫休眠恢复时间向后延伸。6个杂交组合的花朵坐果率和花序坐果率平均值为82.54%和94.82%,与自然授粉没有明显差异,因此金二十世纪可以作为鸭梨、雪花梨的授粉树,雪花梨、鸭梨、红安久、红茄梨可以作为黄金梨的授粉树;15个梨品种自交结实率较低,而大慈梨、八月红、黄金梨、秦丰、秀玉、新星、雪花梨、丰水8个品种不结实,在生产上均需配置授粉树才能达到产量需求。

Pollination Characteristics and Pollen Viability Test of Different Pear Cultivars

Determination on pollen viability of 19 pear cultivars in different storage temperatures were carried out by testing method of pollens cultured in vitro,pollination characteristics of 6 cross combinations and inbred of 15 pear cultivars were also studied.The results showed that addition of boric acid and gibberellin in culture medium can enhance pollen viability.It was found that Daci pear,Bayuehong,Whangkeumbae pear pollen abortion assayed under microscope.In different storage conditions,the lower of the temperature,the more slowly of the pollen germination rate dropped,lower temperature was suitable for long storage.During process of storage,the appearance of "compelled dormancy of short-term" was exist,and with lower temperature forced dormancy recovery time backward outspread.The average of fruit setting rate of flower and inflorescence of 6 cross combinations were 82.54% and 94.82%,and had no significant differences with open pollination.Gold-Nijisseiki could be used as pollination tree for Ya pear and Xuehua pear,also Xuehua pear,Ya pear,Red D′ Anjou and Red clapp’s favorite could be used as pollination tree for Whangkeumbae.The self-fertile rate of 15 pear cultivars were low,and 8 cuitivars included Daci pear,Whangkeumbae,Qinfeng,Xiuyu,Sinsei,Xuehua pear and Housui had no self-fertile rate.In production,pollination tree were needed to achieve production demand.