云南道地药材滇龙胆资源调查与评价

滇龙胆为云南重要道地药材,通过走访和实地调查对云南省38个县市龙胆资源分布范围及资源现状进行调查。结果表明,滇龙胆在云南省除昭通、德钦和西双版纳外,均有分布,适宜生境为海拔1350～2500m的荒坡或林下。所测种群滇龙胆根粗为0.33～0.44cm,根长7.03～19.79cm,根数为6.34～19.40,根生物量为0.27～1.40g,根中龙胆苦含量为3.56%～5.99%。聚类分析结果显示,除玉溪、昆明、楚雄等产区外,文山、怒江种群滇龙胆质量也较好,具较高开发、利用价值。目前野生滇龙胆生境遭到破坏,资源量锐减,亟待保护,本研究调查为云南滇龙胆资源的保护与利用提供建议和基础数据。

Investigation and Evaluation of Gentiana rigescens Resource in Yunnan Province

Abstract] Gentiana rigescens is a top-geoherbs of traditional Chinese medicine in Yunnan province. An investigating on distribution and current situation of Gentiana rigescens resource in Yunnan was made to provide basis for exploitation and cultivation of G. rigescens. Folk market and field survey methods were applied to explore the resource of G. rigescens in 38 cities and counties. G. rigescens could be found in the most areas of Yunnan, except Zhaotong, Deqin and Xishuangbanna. The suitable habitats for G. rigescens are the slope or understory in the elevation between 1350 to 2500 m. In 19 populations, the root diameter ranged from 0.33 to 0.44 cm, the root length was 19.79 to 7.03 cm, the root number was 19.40 to 6.34, the biomass of root was 1.40 to 0.27 g, and the content of gentiopicroside was 3.56% to 5.99%. The qualities of root were higher in Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Wenshan, and Nujiang than other populations. The wild G. rigescens is needed to protect its resource due to habitat loss. The results provided data base for sustainable utilization of G. rigescens.