植物细胞核雄性不育基因研究进展

植物雄性不育既是研究植物生殖生物学重要的植物学性状也是研究作物杂种优势利用重要的农艺性状，在遗传和分子生物学中具有重要地位。以模式植物拟南芥和水稻为主，对植物雄性不育的控制基因和相关分子机理已有众多进展，按照花药发育时期和雄性败育的表现形式可以归纳为减数分裂异常、胼胝质代谢异常、绒毡层发育异常、花粉壁发育异常、花药开裂异常，以及其它类型的雄性不育。在不育相关基因中，导致胼胝质代谢异常、绒毡层发育异常和花粉壁发育异常的基因往往表现一因多效，一个相关基因的突变会产生复合表型。关于植物雄性不育相关基因的研究表明，雄性器官和小孢子形成过程中的任何相关基因的改变，均可导致雄性不育的产生。本文总结了植物核基因雄性不育的研究进展，以期促进不同物种间雄性不育基因的比较分析，使植物雄性不育研究更加深入。

Progress in identification of plant male sterile related nuclear genes

Male sterile is a common phenomenon in the plant kingdom which is important for both plant reproductive biology study and crop breeding research for heterosis utility. Many studies on this issue were reported which were mostly carried out with the model species of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza Sativa. According to the abortion stages in anther development, plant male sterile can be classified into several types such as degradation of pollen mother cells, early or late degeneration of tapetum cells, critical chemical changes in pollen wall development, failure in anther dehiscence, and other types. Mutations in genes encoding tapetum and pollen wall development most likely create a complex phynotype in microspore development. The results so far obtained indicated that mutations of related genes that are critical for anther and pollen development will create male sterile. This paper is a review on those researches and we hope it can facilitate related studies for a much promising future.