广东高州普通野生稻生殖特性的研究Ⅰ.结实率、花粉育性及其发育特点

对采自6个采样点141个编号的高州普通野生稻的结实率、花粉育性及其发育特点进行研究。结果发现，高州野生稻的结实率平均为57．23％，普遍偏低；花粉育性平均为89．3％。育性在50％以上的编号134个，占95．04％；7个编号出现不同程度的败育现象，败育类型以典败为主。其中育性最低的是GZW122，育性仅为8％；17个编号（占12，06％）的裂药性存在严重的异常现象。相关分析表明，花粉育性和裂药性与结实率存在极显著相关。不同采样点问存在一定差异，其中位于祥山镇祥山村祥山洞的编号结实率、花粉育性和裂药指数都较低，变异系数却较大，显示出较丰富的多样性。利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术研究发现，高州普通野生稻花粉发育过程与栽培稻一致，同样经历了8个时期，即小孢子母细胞形成期、小袍子母细胞减数分裂期、小孢子早期、小孢子中期、小孢子晚期、二孢花粉期和成熟花粉期。

Study on the Reproductive Characteristics of Oryza rufipogon Griff. in Gaozhou, Guangdong ProvinceⅠ. Seed Setting Rate, Pollen Fertility and its Developmental Characteristics

Seed setting rate,pollen fertility and development of pollen were studied in 141 accessions of Oryza.rufipogon Griff.collected from the six sampling sites in Gaozhou City,Guangdong Province.The results showed that the seed setting rate of all accessions of the wild rice was low,with the average of 57.23%.The percentage of pollen fertility was 89.3%,in which 134 accessions(accounting for 95.04%) were of over 50%,suggesting normal fertility.The pollen fertility in 7 accessions(accounting for 4.96%) was low,in which the least was 8%(GZW122).The main abnormal sterility in pollen expresses typical sterile type.Abnormal anther dehiscence happened in 17 accessions(accounting for 12.06%).Correlation analysis showed that both anther dehiscence index and pollen fertility were the factors to affect seed setting rate.The seed setting rate,pollen fertility and anther dehiscence index were different in the wide rice in different sampling sites.Among them,Xiangshan Cave,Xiangshan County,Xiangshan Town,Gaozhou City gave the least average in the seed setting rate,pollen fertility and anther dehiscence index.However,coefficient of variation was the highest in them,which indicated the high diversity in reproduction in this site.The pollen development went through eight stages,i.e.microsporocyte formation stage,microsporocye meiosis stage,early microspore stage,middle microspore stage,late microspore stage,early bicellular pollen stage,late bicellular pollen stage and mature pollen stage,which was similar to that in O.sativa L..