水稻国外引种的探讨和建议

自1949年以来,中国共引进国外普通栽培稻品种(系)23890份和野生稻种质资源2201份,这些资源中许多已被直接或间接用于生产或育种.其中,年种植面积超过6.67万公顷的品种23个,年种植面积0.667～6.67万公顷的品种75个;直接利用于杂交水稻的国外恢复系或利用国外强恢复源培育的恢复系,已占我国恢复系总数的95.7%;众多国外品种成为我国高产、优质和多抗育种的骨干亲本.因此,加强国外水稻资源的引入、评价和利用,对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库和增加遗传多样性意义重大,也是应对各国激烈争夺生物资源的战略决策.本文根据水稻国外引种出现的新情况,重点阐述了我国的引种规律、引种地区和强化引种的建议.

Exploration and Suggestion for Introduction of Rice Germplasm from Foreign Countries

Since 1949, about 23,890 cultivated varieties (lines) and 2,201 entries of wild rice have been introduced into China and evaluated most being used directly and/or indirectly in rice breeding and production. Among of them, 23 and 75 introduced varieties were cultivated annually over 66,700 hm2 and 6,670-66,700 hm2 in some years, respectively. The restorer lines (R lines), introduced directly and/or bred with foreign R descents, have occupied 95. 7% of total R lines used in hybrid rice. A large number of foreign rice materials have been utilized as crossing parentages in various breeding programs for high yield, good quality and pest resistance in China. Thus, strengthening introduction and utilization of foreign rice germplasm is significant to increase genetic-diversity and to enrich germplasm, which is also one of chinese national strategies to respond to strong competition for bio-genetic resources in the world. According to the newly changing situation, we propose the regularities, direction and ways for strengthening introduction of foreign rice germplasm suitable to China.