中国小麦主推品种和育成品系的抗倒伏性评价

倒伏是影响小麦产量的主要因素之一,选育抗倒伏性强的品种是育种研究的重点目标。本研究以528份我国主推的小麦品种和育成品系为材料,对影响小麦倒伏的主要性状进行测定,利用无偏线性估计值进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、主成分分析、线性回归分析和聚类分析,综合评价不同小麦品种的抗倒伏性。研究表明,6个抗倒伏性状在品种间都存在着广泛的遗传变异。基部节间长度、株高与抗推力呈极显著负相关,基部节间直径与抗推力呈极显著正相关,节间长度与节间直径相关性不显著。主成分分析表明,所有性状的信息可以用3个主成分代表,其累计贡献率达83.837%。回归分析结果表明,第1节间直径、第1节间长度、第2节间直径、第2节间长度和株高等5个性状均对抗推力有显著影响。依据抗推力将528份材料聚类为4类,其中第Ⅰ类群有66份小麦品种(系),其抗倒伏能力最强。研究结果为小麦抗倒伏品种利用、抗倒伏育种亲本的筛选以及育种后代品系的选育评价提供理论依据和技术支撑。

Evaluation of Lodging Resistance in Main Wheat Varieties(Lines)in China

Lodging is one of the main factors affecting the yield of common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).Improvement of lodging resistance in varieties is a key goal in wheat breeding.In this study,528 wheat varieties and lines from China were used to determine the phenotypic characteristics that affect lodging.Statistical analysis including genetic variation analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis,multiple linear regression analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the lodging resistance.A wide range of genetic variation was observed at six characteristics reflecting lodging resistance.The basal internode length and plant height were negatively correlated with resistance to the thrust,while the basal internode diameter was positively correlated with the resistance to thrust,however,no significant correlation between the basal internode length and the internode diameter was observed.Principal component analysis showed that information about all characteristics could be represented by three principal components,with the cumulative contribution rate of 83.837%.Regression analysis revealed that the first internode diameter,first internode length,second internode diameter,second internode length,and plant height significantly affected the thrust of wheat.Cluster analysis based on the thrust suggested four groups from the tested genotypes,among which 66 wheat varieties(lines)in the first group represented the strongest lodging resistance.Collectively,these results provided a theoretical basis for the use of lodging-resistant varieties in agriculture,and also the evaluation method of lodging resistance in parents and derived offsprings.