冀中北小麦品种抗旱性筛选研究

干旱是华北地区小麦生产的重要限制因素,从推广小麦品种中鉴定和筛选抗旱品种,对稳定小麦产量、降低区域水分消耗具有重要意义。本研究以近年来在河北省中北部审定、推广的13个小麦品种为材料,设置冬后浇2水(D2处理)、浇1水(D1处理)和不浇水(D0处理)3种处理方式,进行了大田条件下的抗旱品种筛选试验。结果表明,在D0处理时,各供试品种的株高、千粒重、穗粒数、亩穗数等农艺性状以及叶绿素含量、叶片离体失水速率等生理性状均显著下降,籽粒产量也极显著下降。在D1处理时,各小麦品种的农艺、生理和产量性状也发生不同程度下降。当分别以抗旱指数、加权抗旱指数和抗旱性综合度量值等指标度量品种抗旱性时,品种之间的抗旱性排序虽有差异,但仍能看出中麦1062、河农825等品种抗旱性较好。以节水指数对品种进行节水性评价时,发现河农130等3个品种节水性较好。在所测定的农艺、生理性状中,叶绿素含量、小穗数、株高、叶片离体失水速率、旗叶长和穗粒数等与抗旱性存在较高程度的相关性,本研究初步认为叶绿素含量、小穗数可作为抗旱性评价指标。

Screening for Drought-Resistant Wheat Varieties in Northern Central Area of Hebei Province

Drought is one of the major limiting factors that affect the wheat yield production in north China.Identification of drought-resistant accessions from newly released wheat varieties is of great importance,in order to ensure stability of wheat production in this area.The present study attempted to screen droughtresistant varieties from 13 wheat varieties in central and north area of Hebei province under field conditions with different water regimes.If compared to normal watering regime,several agronomical traits including plant height,thousand kernel weight,kernels per spike,spikes per Mu,grain yield,chlorophyll content and leaf water loss rate in vitro of wheat decreased significantly with variation under limited water regimes.A slight difference on the resistance level of the varieties was observed using three indexes consisting of drought resistance index(DI),weighed drought resistance index(WDI)and drought-resistance comprehensive evaluation value(D)respectively,while two varieties were qualified showing drought-resistant.Three water-saving varieties have been identified by evaluating with water-saving index.Among the agronomic and physiological traits tested,the chlorophyll content,spikelet per spike,plant height,water loss rate of cutting leaves,flag leaf length and kernels per spike were found to be associated with drought resistance,and the chlorophyll content and spikelet per spike might serve as indicators simplifying the drought evaluation process.