新收集大豆种质资源主要品质鉴定与评价

对"十五"期间新收集、保存入国家种质资源库的841份大豆种质资源的蛋白质、脂肪两个主要品质性状进行了鉴定评价.结果表明,蛋白质、脂肪含量均近似正态分布,最大频度分别出现在41.01%～ 42.00%含量范围和20.01%～21.00%含量范围.与以前收集、保存的种质资源相比,新收集种质资源的蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,而脂肪含量和蛋脂总量呈上升趋势.不同类型种质资源的品质性状比较结果表明,地方品种的蛋白质总体水平明显高于育种材料、引进种质和选育品种3种类型,引进种质的脂肪、蛋脂总量的总体水平明显高于其他3种类型.国内种质资源高蛋白质大豆占有率高于引进种质资源;引进种质资源高脂肪、高蛋白兼高油的大豆占有率高于国内种质资源.

Identification and Evaluation of Quality Traits in Newly Collected Soybean Germplasm

Identification and evaluation of 841 soybean accessions newly collected and stored in the National Genebank during 2002 - 2004 were carried out with regard to two major quality traits of protein and oil content. The results showed that protein and oil content exhibited normal distribution, and the greatest frequency was 41.01% to 42.00% and 20.01% to 21.00%, respectively. Compared with previously collected soybean germplasm, protein content of those newly collected presented decreasing trend; on the contrary, oil content and protein plus oil content presented opposite trend. It could be found, after comparing traits among four different types of germplasm, that protein level of landraces was higher than that of other three types of germplasm including lines, introduced materials and varieties; and that oil level and protein plus oil level of introduced materials were higher than that of other three types. Domestic germplasm possessed higher percentage of high protein soybean; and introduced germplasm possessed higher percentage of high oil and high protein plus oil soybean in comparison with domestic.