小麦亲缘种属添加系耐低磷胁迫性状鉴定与基因染色体定位

采用苗期缺磷和全营养对照处理,以70个中国春—野生亲缘种属二体添加系及中国春为材料,根据苗期表观遗传性状、磷吸收率和利用率相对生物量对其进行耐低磷胁迫能力筛选鉴定和基因染色体定位。结果表明:大麦4H和长穗偃麦草7E染色体上携带有耐低磷胁迫的优异基因;长穗偃麦草6E、黑麦1R和6R、卵穗山羊草4Ug和6Mg、易变山羊草4Sv染色体携带促进小麦根系生长发育的基因;拟斯比尔托山羊草5S和簇毛麦4V染色体分别携带高磷吸收率和磷利用率的基因。通过染色体工程技术,可以将携带耐低磷胁迫基因的外源染色体片段导入普通小麦,为小麦耐低磷胁迫育种和了解植物耐低磷胁迫的分子机理奠定基础。

Identification and related gene locating of tolerance to low phosphorus stress in wheat-relatives

Seventy alien chromosome addition lines of wild wheat-relatives are screened in this study to identify and chromosome map the genes of tolerance to the stress of low phosphorus under phosphorus-deficiency and phosphorus-sufficient conditions. On the basis of relative-biomass examination of young shoots, roots, phosphorus efficiency, uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency, the genes of high phosphorus efficiency are identified and located on chromosome 4H of H. vulgare and 7E of Agropyron elongatum. Besides, genes accelerating root growth are also identified on chromosome 6E from Agropyron elongatum, 1R and 6R from Secale cereal, 4Ug and 6Mg of Ae. geneculata and 4Sv of Ae. variables. In addition, Genes of high phosphorus uptake efficiency and efficiency are respectively located on the alien chromosome 5S of Ae. speltoides and 4V from H. villosa. These genes can be further introduced into wheat by inducing alien chromosome segment translocation between wheat and wild relatives, being benefit to both wheat improvement and understand of molecular mechanism of the tolerance to the stress of low phosphorus.