小麦抗茎腐病种质筛选及鉴定新方法的建立

为筛选针对我国黄淮麦区小麦茎腐病抗病新种质,建立可区分小麦其他茎基部病害的茎腐病抗性鉴定方法,本文采用室内苗期鉴定方法对主要来自黄淮麦区的108份小麦品种和高代品系进行茎腐病抗性评价,对其中45份小麦材料同时采用荧光定量PCR方法测定基部茎秆的禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量并与其茎腐病平均病级进行相关分析。共筛选到中抗茎腐病材料22份,未发现高抗和免疫品种(系);相关分析结果表明,小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量与其茎腐病平均病级呈极显著正相关(r=0.73**),小麦基部茎秆禾谷镰刀菌DNA含量可以作为小麦茎腐病抗性的重要参考。抗病新种质的筛选和荧光定量PCR抗性评价方法的建立将为今后黄淮麦区小麦抗茎腐病品种的培育提供帮助。

Screening of Germplasm and Establishment of New Evaluation Method for the Resistance to Wheat Crown Root

To screen the new wheat germplasm resistant to crown rot in Huang huai wheat area and establish the new identified method for the resistance which can distinguish the other disease in the basal straw of wheat, the resistance to crown rot of one hundred and eight varieties coming from Huang huai wheat area was evaluated by seedling survey method in the house and the DNA contents of Fusarium graminearum in the basal straw of forty-five wheat varieties were detected simultaneously by Real-time PCR so as to analyze the relationship between the DNA content of Fusarium graminearum and the resistance to crown rot of wheat. Twenty-two varieties with moderate resistance to crown rot were screened out, but no more resistant or immune varieties were found. The correlation analysis showed that, between the Fusarium graminearum DNA content in the basal straw of wheat and the average disease grade, there was significant correlation with the correlation coefficient 0.73, indicating that the Fusarium graminearum DNA content in the basal straw of wheat could be used as the important reference to determine the resistance to crown rot of wheat. The new wheat gerplasm and the Real-time PCR method used for the resistance evaluation will be helpful to breeding of wheat cultivar resistant to crown rot in Huang huai wheat area.