苦荞地方资源籽实主要性状的遗传变异研究

通过对我国苦荞主产区171份苦荞地方资源籽实的千粒重、百粒米重、百粒皮壳重、皮壳率、籽粒及皮壳黄酮含量测定，运用频数分布、相关性和聚类分析，考察它们的遗传变异情况。结果表明，千粒重、百粒米重、百粒皮壳重、皮壳率、籽粒及皮壳黄酮含量变异范围较大，分别为21.73～42.13 g、0.974～2.606 g、0.468～1.363 g、17.594～38.017 %、1.008～4.368 %和0.002～0.986 %，均值分别为29.43 g、1.988 g、0.729 g、24.702 %、2.019 %和0.144 %。相关分析表明，苦荞千粒重分别与百粒米重（r12 = 0.579**，r12.其它 = 0.315**）、百粒皮壳重（r13 = 0.746**，r13.其它 = 0.989**）、皮壳率（r14 = 0.216**，r14.其它 = -0.980**）之间，百粒皮壳重与皮壳率（r34= 0.807**，r34.其它 = 0.993**）之间，分别呈极显著相关；百粒米重分别与百粒皮壳重（r23 = 0.521**）、皮壳率（r24= 0.247**）之间，皮壳率与皮壳黄酮含量（r46= 0.187*）之间，分别呈显著相关。聚类分析表明，171份苦荞地方资源聚为5类，6个性状聚为3类。筛选出了千粒重、籽粒和皮壳黄酮含量较高的苦荞地方资源。以上结果可作为苦荞遗传研究与育种亲本选配提供参考。

Genetic variation on grain main traits of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) landraces in China

Thousand fruit weight, the kernel weight of 100 grains, the shell weight of 100 grains, rate of shell, the flavonoid contents of kernel and shell of 171 tartary buckwheat landraces, were investigated to survey their genetic variation through frequency distribution, correlation, cluster analysis. The results showed large variation in the thousand fruit weight, the kernel weight of 100 grains, the shell weight of 100 grains, rate of shell, the flavonoid contents of kernel and shell. And their variation ranges are 21.73-42.13 g, 0.974-2.606 g, 0.468-1.363 g, 17.594-38.017 %, 1.008-4.368 % and 0.002-0.986 %, respectively, with the average of 29.43 g, 1.988 g, 0.729 g, 24.702 %, 2.019 % and 0.144 %, respectively. The analysis showed very significant correlations between the thousand fruit weight and the kernel weight of 100 grains (r12=0.579**, r12. other =0.315**) , the thousand fruit weight and shell weight of 100 grains (r13=0.746**, r13. other =0.989**), the thousand fruit weight and rate of shell(r14 = 0.216**, r14. other = -0.980**), shell weight of 100 grains and rate of shell (r34= 0.807**, r34.other = 0.993**), respectively. There were significant correlations between kernel weight and shell weight of 100 grains (r23 =0.521**), kernel weight of 100 grains and rate of shell (r24= 0.247**), rate of shell and the flavonoid content in shell (r46= 0.187*), respectively. The clustering divided 171 tartary buckwheat accessions into 5 clusters, meanwhile six traits are gathered to 3 clusters. Some accessions with high thousand fruit weight or high flavonoid content of kernel and shell were screened out. The above results provided clues for tartary buckwheat genetics and breeding parent matching.