中国普通菜豆种质资源朊蛋白变异及多样性分析

朊蛋白是研究普通菜豆遗传多样性的一种重要且有效的生化标记。本试验通过SDS-PAEG凝胶电泳检测中国普通菜豆种质资源的朊蛋白变异类型,分析中国普通菜豆种质资源的遗传多样性及组成特点。来自中国13个省(自治区)的445份供试材料共检测到S、Sb、Sd、B、C、CA、T、PA、To、H、H1、CH 12种朊蛋白类型,表明中国普通菜豆种质朊蛋白变异类型丰富,遗传多样性水平较高。其中,Sb型朊蛋白种质最多,占比29.0%;T型其次,占比28.1%。依据朊蛋白类型在不同基因库的特异性,将研究材料明显地区分为中美基因库和安第斯基因库两大类。研究还发现中国普通菜豆种质资源中地方种质朊蛋白类型变异丰富,多样性明显高于现代育成品种或品系。最后,对种质朊蛋白类型与百粒重、子粒颜色、粒型进行相关性分析,结果表明朊蛋白类型与百粒重呈极显著正相关,而朊蛋白类型与子粒颜色、粒型2个性状之间无明显相关性。本研究结果将为普通菜豆种质资源的保护及有效地挖掘优质种质资源提供理论依据。

Phaseolin Variation and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Chinese Common Bean Germplasm Resources

Phaseolin is an important and informative biochemical marker for studying the genetic diversity in common bean. In this study, SDS-PAEG gel electrophoresis was used to detect the variation of phaseolin in Chinese common bean germplasms, and the genetic diversity and composition feature of these germplasm were analyzed. Twelve phaseolin patterns(S,Sb,Sd,B,C,CA,PA,T, To,H,H1,CH) were identified among 445 accessions that collected from 13 provinces in China.The result indicated that phaseolin variation of Chinese common bean germplasm resources was rich and the genetic diversity level was higher. Among these patterns,the most frequent pattern was Sb (29.0%), followed by T(28.1%).According to the specificity of phaseolin types in different gene pools,the study materials were clearly divided into Mesoamerican or Andean gene pool. The study also found that phaseolin variation of the landraces in these germplasm resources was abundant, and the diversity was significantly higher than the modern breed varieties or lines.The phaseolin types was significantly positive correlation with 100-seed weight while there was no significant correlation between the phaseolin types and seed color or seed shape when the correlation analysis conducted between phaseolin types and three seed traits. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for the protection of common bean germplasm resources and the effective excavation of high quality germplasm resources.