松花菜种质资源评价及根肿病、黑斑病兼抗材料筛选

松花菜是目前我国花椰菜消费的主要类型。根肿病和黑斑病是直接影响松花菜产量及品质的重要病害。选育商品性好、高抗多抗品种是松花菜的主要育种目标之一。本研究首次建立了松花菜种质资源花球性状评价体系,从花球紧实度、球形、球面光滑度、球面颜色、球面蕾粒大小、二级侧枝长度、花梗颜色、球面长毛情况8个方面对66份松花菜自交系进行评价,并对不同性状赋值以便统计、比较。利用上述体系共筛选出11份花球性状优良的材料。采用苗期人工接种技术分别对松花菜根肿病和黑斑病抗性进行鉴定评价,结果显示无免疫根肿病材料,有2份高抗材料,9份抗病,16份中抗;无免疫和高抗黑斑病材料,有4份抗病材料,10份中抗。另外,兼抗两种病害的材料较少,其中GY-40对两种病害均表现抗病,GY-21对根肿病表现抗病,对黑斑病表现中抗,GY-39对两种病害均表现中抗。值得一提的是,GY-40性状优良且同时对根肿病和黑斑病具有较高抗性,是选育商品性好、抗病性强松花菜品种的理想亲本。本研究结果为评价松花菜种质资源花球相关性状提供了参考,对于规范资源的收集、整理和保存具有重要意义,同时为开展抗根肿病和黑斑病松花菜品种选育提供了优异材料。

Evaluation of Germplasm Resources and Screening of Accessions with Dual Resistance to Clubroot and Black Spot Diseases in Loose-curd Cauliflower

Loose-curd cauliflower is currently the main type of cauliflower consumed in China.Clubroot and black spot diseases are improtant diseases that directly and adversely affect the yield and quality of cauliflower.Therefore,to select varieties of good commercial quality with high and multiple resistance is one of the major goals in cauliflower breeding.In this study,we for the first time established the evaluation system of curd traits for loose-curd cauliflower germplasm resources.Sixty-six accessions of loose-curd cauliflower inbred lines were evaluated for eight characters of curd compactness,curd shape,surface smoothness,surface color,buds size,length of secondary lateral branch,pedicel color and curd hairiness.Each character was assigned a value for statistics and comparison.Eleven inbred lines were selected for excellent traits based on the evaluation system.With artificial inoculation at seedling stage,we identified and evaluated the resistance to clubroot and black spot of loose-curd cauliflower respectively.The results showed that none of the accessions were immune to clubroot,with 2 of high resistance,9 of fair resistance,16 of medium resistance,and none of the accessions were immune or highly resistant to black spot,with 4 of fair resistance,10 of medium resistance.Only a few accessions were found to have dual resistance to clubroot and black spot diseases.Among them,GY-40 showed relatively high resistance to both diseases,GY-21 showed fair resistance to clubroot and medium resistance to black spot,and GY-21 showed medium resistance to both diseases.GY-40 is therefore an ideal parent line for breeding cauliflower varieties,due to its excellent traits and relatively high dual resistance to both clubroot and black spot diseases.The study will provide reference for evaluating curd traits of cauliflower germplasm resources,be of great significance for standardization of resources collection,sorting and preservation,and provide excellent accessions for breeding of loose-curd cauliflower varieties with dual resistance to clubroot and black spot diseases.