利用RAPD标记分析大麦种质资源的遗传多样性

利用RAPD标记对19份西藏近缘野生大麦材料、33份我国不同省市的地方品种以及8份国外引进大麦品种共60份大麦种质资源的遗传多样性进行检测.结果表明材料间遗传差异明显.32个RAPD引物中,有25个引物(占78.13%)可扩增出清晰且具多态性的条带,另外7个引物能扩增出1～3条清晰但无多态性的条带.每个引物可扩增出1～8条多态性带,平均为3.72条.32个引物共产生119条DNA片段,其中87条具有多态性,多态性比率(PPB)为73.11%,平均多态信息量(PIC)为0.434;每个位点平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为2.304;材料间遗传相似系数GS变化范围为0.757～0.981,平均值为0.871.19份来源于西藏的近缘野生大麦材料间GS值变幅为0.818～0.969,平均为0.892;33份我国栽培大麦地方品种间的GS值变化范围为0.783～0.981,平均为0.879;8份分别来自8个国家的栽培大麦品种间的GS值变幅为0.820～0.956,平均为0.882.根据RAPD标记分析的结果,对60份大麦种质资源进行聚类分析,在平均GS值0.871水平上60份大麦材料可聚为5类,聚类结果能在一定程度上反应材料的地理分布关系,但某些相同地理来源的材料也较分散地分布在整个聚类树中.本研究从分子水平上进一步证明了我国栽培大麦丰富的遗传多样性,是世界栽培大麦的遗传多样性中心之一.

Using RAPD Markers to Analyse Genetic Diversity in Barley

The genetic diversity and genetic relationships among 60 accessions of barley, including 33 Chinese landraces, 19 wild relatives from Tibet and 8 cultivars from other countries, were evaluated by RAPD markers. Totally 119 bands were detected with 32 primers, with the average of 3.72. Eighty-seven polymorphic bands were detected, representing of 73.11% of polymorphic bands (PPB) and 0.434 of mean polymorphism information content (PIC), respectively. The average number of alleles (Ne) was 2.304. One to eight polymorphic bands were generated by each primer. Among 60 barley accessions, the RAPD-based genetic similarity (RAMP-GS) ranged from 0.757 to 0.981, with the mean of 0.871. The mean GS of 19 wild barley accessions, 33 Chinese and 8 foreign cultivars were 0.892,0.879 and 0.882, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that these accessions could be divided into five groups and the genetic diversity based on RAPD markers was correlated with their geographical distribution.