湖南省饭豆地方种质资源表型多样性评价

依托"第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动"项目,开展了湖南省饭豆种质资源的考察收集与评价鉴定,并筛选了优异种质,为湖南省饭豆种质资源创新和品种选育提供参考。结果表明,收集到的76份地方资源主要分布在湘西湘南山区,0~600 m的中低海拔地区。15项农艺性状表型分析显示其遗传多样性丰富;主成分分析将15个农艺性状分为4个主成分,其主要与株高、籽粒大小、产量、花色粒色相关,累计贡献率68.330%;聚类分析将76份资源分为2大类群,第Ⅰ类群蔓生、无限结荚,第Ⅱ类群直立、有限结荚,第Ⅰ类群又分为2个亚群,类群Ⅰ-1株型较小,单株产量较低,籽粒较大,类群Ⅰ-2株型较大,单株产量较高,籽粒较小。根据聚类分析结果及数量性状极值和质量性状变异类型提取出22份饭豆特异种质,并从中筛选出3类可以代表类群特征的资源:直立适合密植机收的资源,大粒型优质资源,高产、高生物量的粮肥两用资源。

Evaluation on Phenotypic Variation of Rice Bean Germplasm Collected from Hunan Province

Under the frame of the Third National Action of Crop Germplasm Survey and Collection,a series of rice bean germplasm in Hunan province were collected and subjected for the phenotypic diversity analysis.Elite germplasms were screened to provide reference for rice bean germplasm resource innovation and breeding in Hunan.The results showed that 76 rice bean landraces were mainly distributed in mountainous regions of western and southern areas of Hunan province with an altitude of about 0-600 m.The diversity analysis based on 15 phenotypic traits revealed a higher genetic diversity in this collection.The correlation analysis and principal component analysis suggested four principal components including plant height,seed size,yield,flower color and seed coat color,with a cumulative contribution rate of 68.330%.Two main categories were suggested for 76 accessions,consisting of GroupⅠrepresenting prostrate or indeterminate pod,and GroupⅡrepresenting erect or determinate pods.Moreover,GroupⅠwas further divided into two subpopulations.The genotypes in GroupⅠ-1 generally showed small plant,low yield per plant,and bigger seed,which the accessions from groupⅠ-2 showing larger plant,higher yield per plant and smaller seed were predominant.The core collection containing 22 rice bean accessions has been identified by the cluster analysis and the range of quantitative characters,which represented three groups based on the characteristics:erect accessions suitable for machinery harvest,large grain accessions,as well as the accessions with dual end-uses for grain production and biomass.