甘肃省大豆品种生育期组的划分及地理分布研究

甘肃省地域广大,地形复杂,气候多样,大豆品种资源丰富,但甘肃各地大豆品种生育期生态类型并不明确。本试验以25份MG 0~Ⅴ的北美大豆生育期组标准品种为对照,将从甘肃各地收集到的151个大豆品种在甘肃境内5个生态区进行生育期性状鉴定和生育期组划分。结果表明,甘肃地区种植的大豆品种的生育期组在MG 00和MGⅥ之间。在所鉴定的品种中,属MGⅣ的比例(44.37%)最高,其次为MGⅤ(29.14%)、MGⅢ(11.26%)、MGⅡ(4.64%)、MG 0(3.31%)、MGⅥ(3.31%)、MG 00(2.65%)和MGⅠ(1.32%)。归属于MGⅢ的品种主要分布在河西灌区,占该区域参试品种总数的47.62%;归属于MGⅣ的品种主要分布在中部地区和陇东旱塬区,占中部地区参试品种总数的56.67%,占陇东旱塬区的63.83%;归属于MGⅤ的品种主要分布在陇南地区,占该区域参试品种总数的61.40%。根据甘肃不同地区可成熟的最晚熟大豆品种的生育期组与当地经度、无霜期建立回归方程,推断甘肃省大豆各生育期组的地理分布区间,提出了基于生育期组的甘肃省大豆品种引种方案,以期为甘肃地区大豆育种和品种布局提供科学依据。

Classification and Geographical Distribution of Soybean Maturity Groups in Gansu Province

Owning to the vast territory,complicated geography and diverse climate,there are abundant soybean germplasm resources in Gansu province.However,classification on the maturity groups(MGs)of soybean varieties remained elusive restricting its use of elite varieties in farming.In this study,151 soybean cultivars collected from major soybean planting regions across Gansu province and 25 MG 0-Ⅴreference varieties introduced from North America were planted at five locations with different ecological regions to evaluate their growth period traits and identify the MGs.The results showed that MGs of soybean varieties from Gansu province ranged from MG 00 to MGⅥ.MGⅣaccounted for 44.37%of all the tested varieties,followed by MGⅤ(29.14%),MGⅢ(11.26%),MGⅡ(4.64%),MG 0(3.31%),MGⅥ(3.31%),MG 00(2.65%)and MGⅠ(1.32%).MGⅢvarieties were mainly distributed in Hexi Corridor(HC)occupying 47.62%of varieties in the collection from this region.MGⅣvarieties were well adapted to the local climate at the Central area of Gansu(CG)and Loess plateau of east Gansu(LP),accounting for 56.67%and 63.83%of the varieties collected from the two regions,respectively.MGⅤvarieties were mainly distributed in the Southern Gansu(SG),which accounted for 61.40%of the local varieties.Based on the regression equation of the MG,longitude and frostfree period of the latest soybean varieties in different areas in Guansu province,we proposed the geographical locations where soybean varieties with different maturation period were adapted.A suggestion for soybean variety introduction was also proposed,which provides a scientific base for soybean breeding and regional planning of varieties in Gansu province.