湖南同名地方稻资源SSR标记及表现型的比较分析

本研究以湖南种质库中保存的不同来源的同名湖南地方稻种质11组(同近名为1组)共136份为研究材料,进行SSR分子标记及农艺性状比较分析,目的是评价湖南同(近)名地方稻的遗传差异程度,为同(近)名地方稻种质资源的保存、供种以及重点利用种质遴选提供理论依据。研究结果表明,各组同名材料的表型遗传距离数值变化较大,各组最大遗传距离变幅1.25(D6/D13)~1.51(G1/G5),最小遗传距离变幅0.16(E7/E9)~0.81(B2/B11)。各组同名材料的SSR标记相似系数差异也大,最小相似系数变幅0.38~0.71,最大相似系数变幅0.86~1.00;同组内同(近)名材料交叉聚类。基于表型性状遗传距离与基于SSR标记遗传相似系数判别组内材料间遗传关系的结果有一致的,也有存在一定差异的。C8/C11、D16/D18、G1/G2、M2/M3、M2/M6、M3/M6、N2/N4、N5/N6、F2/F25、P3/P4的SSR标记相似系数达0.95以上,而其表现型却有1~3个性状存在有统计学意义的差异,说明供试同名材料有明显变异,即使同(近)名但也都值得保存。同时也证实了24对SSR标记分析同名地方稻遗传多样性的不足。

Genetic Similarity of Hunan Rice Landraces with the Same or Similar Name Based on SSR Markers and Phenotypic Traits

136 rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces accessions were selected from the Hunan gene bank and divided into eleven groups, accessions within each group sharing the same or similar name. Genetic similarities among these accessions were evaluated through phenotypic investigation and SSR marker analysis. The phenotypic traits differ among accessions with the same or similar name, the maximum genetic distance among groups ranged from 1.25 to 1.52, while the minimum genetic distance ranged from 0.16 to 0.81. Cluster analysis based on SSR markers indicated that multiple accessions of the same name were found to be genetically different, with the minimum Nei,s similarity coefficients varying between 0.46 and 0.78, with the maximum Nei,s genetic similarity coefficient varying between 0.86 and 1.00. Accessions with the same name were not always clustered together but cross-cluster. However, the genetic relationships among accessions based on SSR markers were not always consistent with those based on phenotype traits. Many accessions showed high Nei,s genetic similarity coefficient but significantly differences in several phenotypic traits. These results provide useful information for conserving rice landraces and valuable germplasm for rice breeding.