设施黄瓜育成品种果实外观品质的遗传多样性分析

对我国新育成的不同生态类型的138个设施黄瓜品种的19个果实外观性状进行了调查分析,研究其遗传多样性。结果表明,参试品种质量性状的遗传多样性指数都小于数量性状,不同生态类型黄瓜品种果实外观性状的遗传多样性指数为华北型(1.33)>华南型(1.25)>欧洲温室型(1.0)。质量性状的遗传多样性指数为华南型(0.91)>华北型(0.65)>欧洲温室型(0.48);数量性状的遗传多样性指数为华北型(1.94)>华南型(1.56)>欧洲温室型(1.47)。华南型品种果实数量性状的变异系数均高于华北型和欧洲温室型品种。主坐标轴分析(PCO)将所有种质划分为3个区组,即1区为华北型种质优势区、2区为华北型华南型和欧洲温室型种质混合分布区、3区为华南型种质区。PCO结果表明,1区和2区发生了基因渗透。对交流区域中华北型品种自交分离,后代中出现的稀刺瘤和光皮种质的情况进一步验证了基因渗透的结果。参照育成品种的果实性状信息对黄瓜以后的育种工作提出了建议。

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Chinese Cucumber Breeding Cultivars Based on Fruit Appearance Quality Characters

In order to investigate the genetic diversity of cucumber breeding cultivars, 19 fruit appearance traits of 138 bred varieties cultivated in green-house which belong to different ecotypes were surveyed. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of qualitative traits of tested varieties was less than that of the quantitative traits. And the genetic diversity index of fruit appearance of different ecotype varieties was arranged as North-China Ecotype>South-China Ecotype>European Greenhouse Ecotype, the genetic diversity index of qualitative traits arranged as South-China Ecotype > North-China Ecotype >European Greenhouse Ecotype, and that of quantitative traits arrayed as North-China Ecotype>South-China Ecotype>European Ecotype. By Principal coordinate analysis(PCO) all these bred cultivars were divided into three parts: Part I are mainly North-China Ecotype, Part II mixed distribution of South-China Ecotype and European Ecotype, Part III European Ecotype. And the PCO result showed that there was gene interflow between Part I and Part II. The sparse papilloma and light skin type were separated in the offspring through selfing the gene-exchanged cultivars of North China type, which .validated the results of gene communication between Pat I and Part II germplasm. Representative cultivars of three ecotypes were selected by evaluation of their fruit appearance traits according to the demand of cucumber production. And also we gave some advice for the next cucumber breeding work on the reference of fruit traits of bred varieties.