新疆的小麦品种（系）麦谷蛋白优质亚基分布规律研究

麦谷蛋白亚基对小麦品质有重要影响,优质亚基的利用是小麦品质遗传改良的重要途径。为了探讨新疆小麦优质亚基的分布规律,利用已开发的优质亚基和1B/1R易位系的分子标记,对新疆1242份小麦品种资源进行检测,结果表明,在新疆小麦品种资源中,优质亚基2*、7+8、5+10、glu A3d、glu B3b、glu B3d、glu B3g的分布频率依次为20.2%、22.0%、21.9%、16.9%、14.3%、11.9%、10.3%;1B/1R易位系的分布频率为12.6%。在冬小麦品种资源中,国外品种(系)5+10、1B/1R易位系的分布频率均最高,7+8、glu B3d、glu B3g的分布频率均最低;审定品种2*、glu B3d、glu B3g的分布频率均最高。在春小麦品种资源中,国外品种(系)glu B3d的分布频率最高;国内品种(系)5+10、glu A3d、1B/1R易位系的分布频率最高,2*、glu B3d的最低;审定品种2*的分布频率最高,glu B3b、glu B3g的最低。总体来看,新疆春小麦优质亚基的分布频率总体高于冬小麦;导入LMW-GS优质亚基是新疆小麦品质进一步改良的重要方向;地方品种是LMW-GS优质亚基的良好供体。从1242份新疆小麦品种(系)中挑选出兼含多个优质亚基的冬、春小麦品种(系)各21份、24份,可在小麦品质遗传改良中加强利用。

Study on the Distribution of High Quality Glutenin Subunits in Xinjiang Wheat Varieties Resources

Since glutenin subunits have important effects on the quality of wheat. Using high quality subunits is a key approach to improve wheat quality. 1242 Xinjiang wheat were used to explore the distribution frequency of high quality subunits and 1B/1R translocation by molecular markers. At Glu-1 locus, the distribution frequency of 2*, 7+8, 5+10 was 20.2%, 22.0% and 21.9%, respectively. At Glu-3 locus, the distribution frequency of gluA3d, gluB3b, gluB3d, gluB3g was 16.9%, 14.3%, 11.9% and 10.3%, respectively. In winter wheat varieties, the distribution frequency of 5+10 and 1B/1R were highest, and 7+8, gluB3d, gluB3g were lowest in foreign varieties. The distribution frequency of 2*, gluB3d, and gluB3g were highest in released varieties. In spring wheat varieties, the distribution frequency of gluB3d was highest in foreign varieties. The distribution frequency of 5+10, gluA3d, and 1B/1R were highest, and 2*, gluB3d were lowest in domestic varieties. The distribution frequency of 2* was highest, gluB3b and gluB3g were lowest in released varieties. Therefore, the distribution frequency of single subunit from highest to lowest is 5+10>7+8>2*>gluA3d>gluB3b>gluB3d>gluB3g. The distribution frequency of high quality subunits at Glu-3 locus in landraces is higher than other varieties, which makes them are better donors of high quality LMW-GS. The distribution frequency of high quality subunits is higher in spring wheat than in winter wheat. Import the LMW-GS high quality subunits is one of the important direction of further improvement of wheat quality in Xinjiang. Finally, 21 winter wheat varieties and 24 spring wheat varieties with multiple high quality subunits, including both winter and spring wheat, were selected, which would be useful for improving wheat quality in Xinjiang.