水稻抗稻瘟病基因资源与分子育种策略

稻瘟病是水稻主要病害之一。利用抗病品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、有效和安全的措施。近年来，随着植物先天免疫机制、抗病分子生物学以及水稻和稻瘟菌基因组学研究的不断深入，一系列参与病原菌识别和防卫信号传导与应答，以及外源抗菌蛋白、病原菌激发子等抗病相关基因陆续被鉴定和克隆，为提高水稻抗稻瘟病能力提供了一些新的基因资源、育种策略和技术。本文概述了国内外近年来克隆的主要抗稻瘟病基因资源及其在分子育种研究中应用的进展，提出了通过转基因手段整合不同防卫反应关键调控基因的抗稻瘟病聚合育种策略。

Potential Gene Resources and Molecular Strategies for Improving Rice Blast Resistance

Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases of rice. Utilization of resistance cultivars is the most effective, economical and environment-friendly approach to control the blast disease. In the past decade, with the development of deep researches in plant innate immunity, molecular biology of plant resistances, and genomics of rice and Magnaporthe oryzae, a range of plant defense-related genes which are implicated in host recognition of pathogens, host defense signaling, antifungal proteins and elicitors of the pathogens, etc., have been identified and cloned, providing some novel gene resources, breeding strategies and techniques for enhancing rice blast resistance. In this review, we summarized the main blast defense-related genes cloned recently for their enhancement in blast resistance and application in rice molecular breeding programs, and put forward a molecular breeding strategy which is to stack some key genes regulating different defense pathways through co-integration transformation and over-expressing of the target genes by means of transgenic techniques.