贵州少数民族对作物种质资源的利用和保护

"贵州农业生物资源调查"项目属于国家科技基础工作重大专项。贵州属于云贵高原区,地形地貌复杂,气候多样,加之多民族聚集,有"十里不同天,一山不同族"的说法。正因为如此,贵州产生了丰富多样的农业生物资源。然而,世上的事物没有一成不变的,随着社会经济的发展,外来文化的渗透,贵州少数民族传统文化和生活习俗及与之相关的农业生物资源亦逐渐消失。国家为了保护少数民族传统文化和农业生物资源,特设立本调查项目,对贵州省42个县(市)进行了普查,并对其中21个县(市)进行了系统调查。本文仅介绍贵州少数民族对其相关的主要作物种质资源的利用和保护情况,旨在为国家保护少数民族传统文化、制定农业生物资源保护策略和科学研究提供基础数据和依据。

Utilization and Conservation on Crop Germplasm Resource of Minority Nationality in Guizhou Province

In this paper, the leaf, flower, fruit and other 34 phenotypic traits of tea plant from Gu Jing Cun, Nayong County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province,were analysed . The results showed that 10 of the 21 described characters showed only one phenotypes with relatively stable botany characters , and the other 11 exhibited different levels of genetic differentiation. The variation coefficient was between 3.74%-21.86% with the average as 15.10%. The diversity index was between 0.15-2.02 with the average as 1.62. Then the samples can be clustered into 3 groups based on numerical characters, and the 2 and 3 classes has had only 3 samples for each. From those, we suggested that it was necessary to distinguish the lines of class III in the industrialization development, identify the agronomic traits and quality traits and pay attention to biodiversity conservation. In addition, leaf and fruit organs were affected by altitude factors v significantly.Tea plant of Gu Jing have a high breeding potential with the abundant phenotypic diversity and significant genetic variation .