美国花生微核心种质资源纯化系的引进与表型评价

花生种质资源是花生新品种选育和重要农艺性状遗传研究的基础材料。引进国外优异花生种质资源,并对其进行鉴定和评价对发掘优良花生种质、丰富我国花生资源遗传多样性以及合理利用种质资源进行遗传改良具有重要意义。本研究于2014-2015年连续2年在河北保定对104份引进的美国花生微核心种质资源纯化系进行了农艺性状考察和抗病性鉴定。鉴定结果表明,美国微核心种质纯化系多为匍匐型,主茎高变异范围为24.50~89.50 cm,侧枝长为39.37~99.23 cm,单株果数和单株果重分别为8.75~46.33个和8.49~29.54 g,百果重为80.76~216.72 g,单株粒数为18.25~58.00个,单株粒重为9.89~33.36 g,百仁重为25.52~74.18 g,出仁率为52.58%~76.08%。抗病性鉴定表明,部分美国微核心种质资源纯化系高抗褐斑病和网斑病,性状优良。该研究结果为花生新品种选育与遗传研究提供了优异材料和参考信息。

Introduction and Phenotypic Evaluation of the Purified Lines of the U.S. Peanut Mini Core Collection

Peanut germplasm resources are the basic materials for peanut breeding and genetic research of important agronomic traits. Introduction of foreign peanut germplasms is of great significance for exploring elite materials, enriching genetic diversity, and utilizing germplasm resources of peanut for genetic improvement in China. A set of 104 accessions of the purified U.S. mini-core collection was evaluated for the agronomic traits and diseases resistance in 2014 and 2015 in the fields of Hebei Province of China. The results showed that most accessions of the U.S.mini-core collection were spreading type. Large variations of the evaluated traits were observed among tested accessions. The ranges were 24.50 cm to 89.50 cm for main stem height; 39.37 cm to 99.23 cm for lateral branch length; 8.75 to 46.33 for the number of pods per plant; 8.49 g to 29.54 g for yield per plant ; 80.76 g to 216.72 g for 100-pod weight; 18.25 to 58.00 for the number of kernel per plant; 9.89 g to 33.36 g for weight of kernel per plant ; 25.52 g to 74.18 g for 100-kernel weight; and 52.58 % to 76.08 % for shelling percentage, respectively. Some accessions of the U.S. mini core collection showed highly resistant to leaf spot and net leaf blotch diseases. The identified purified lines for disease resistance and evaluation data collected from this research will be valuable for breeding practices and genetic research of peanut in China.