河南省16个主栽小麦品种抗叶锈基因分析

为了明确河南省小麦品种的抗叶锈性及抗叶锈基因的分布,为小麦品种推广与合理布局、叶锈病防治及抗病育种提供依据,本研究利用2015年采自河南省的5个小麦叶锈菌流行小种混合菌株,对近几年河南省16个主栽小麦品种进行了苗期抗性鉴定,然后选用12个小麦叶锈菌生理小种对这些品种进行苗期基因推导,同时利用与24个小麦抗叶锈基因紧密连锁(或共分离)的30个分子标记对该16个品种进行了抗叶锈基因分子检测。结果显示,供试品种苗期对小麦叶锈菌混合流行小种均表现高度感病;基因推导与分子检测结果表明,供试品种可能含有Lr1、Lr16、Lr26和Lr30这4个抗叶锈基因,其中先麦8号含有Lr1和Lr26;郑麦366和郑麦9023含有Lr1;西农979和怀川916含有Lr16;中麦895、偃展4110、郑麦7698、平安8号、众麦1号、周麦16、衡观35和矮抗58含有Lr26;周麦22中含有Lr26,还可能含有Lr1和Lr30;豫麦49-198和洛麦23可能含有本研究中检测以外的其他抗叶锈基因。因此,河南省主栽小麦品种的抗叶锈基因丰富度较低,今后育种工作应注重引入其他抗叶锈性基因,提高抗叶锈性,有效控制小麦叶锈病。

Analysis of wheat leaf rust resistance genes in 16 main wheat cultivars in Henan

Abstract: In order to identify the resistance and distribution of leaf rust resistance genes of wheat cultivars in Henan Province to provide theoretical basis for the promotion and reasonable layout, leaf rust control and resistance breeding, the resistance evaluation of sixteen main wheat cultivars of Henan was carried out using five mixed races of Puccinia triticina at the seedling stage. In addition, the resistance genes of the 16 wheat cultivars at seedling stage were postulated by inoculating 12 races of P. triticina. Meanwhile, thirty molecular markers closely linked or co-segregated with 24 wheat leaf rust resistance genes were used to detect these cultivars. The results showed that these cultivars were highly susceptible to the mixed races examined. The data of gene postulation and molecular detection indicated that four leaf rust resistance genes, Lr1, Lr16, Lr26 and Lr30, were found in these cultivars. Among them, Xianmai 8 carried Lr1 and Lr26, Zhengmai 366 and Zhengmai 9023 carried Lr1. Xinong 979 and Huaichuan 916 carried Lr16. Zhongmai 895, Yanzhan 4110, Zhengmai 7698, Ping''an 8, Zhongmai 1, Zhoumai 16, Hengguan 35 and Aikang 58 carried Lr26. The gene Lr26 was detected in Zhoumai 22, and Lr1 and Lr30 were also postulated in Zhoumai 22. Besides, Yumai 49-198 and Luomai 23 might carry unknown or untested resistance genes. Therefore, the abundance of leaf rust resistance genes in the main wheat cultivars of Henan was low, and the new leaf rust resistance genes should be introduced into new wheat cultivars to improve the leaf rust resistance and control wheat leaf rust effectively.