专性海洋放线菌盐孢菌的研究进展

盐孢菌属(Salinispora)作为首个被报道的专性海洋放线菌,主要分布于热带和亚热带海洋沉积环境中,在海绵、海鞘中也有发现。与其他大多数放线菌一样,盐孢菌属的菌株可以产生大量具有抗细菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤细胞活性、结构新颖的次级代谢产物且表现出物种特异性。全基因组序列分析显示,盐孢菌属菌株基因组中超过10%的基因序列与次级代谢产物合成相关,但绝大多数生物合成基因簇编码的产物未被发现,表明盐孢菌属还存在巨大的生物合成潜能,有待深入发掘。目前新的培养方法、测序技术及生物信息学、基因组发掘技术、合成生物学技术的发展对提升盐孢菌属菌株新型药物的生产潜力发挥重要作用。本文对盐孢菌属的物种多样性、系统分类与化合物发现等方面的研究进行了系统综述。

Advances in the marine obligate actinomycete genus Salinispora

alinispora is the first reported marine obligate actinomycete, which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical marine sediments, and some are discovered in sponges or ascideans associated environments. Like most actinomycetes, Salinispora strains have potential to produce large number of novel secondary metabolites with excellent activities such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor cell. And these secondary metabolites show the obvious species-specific relationship among the members of this genus. Genome sequencing analysis shows that over 10% of the genome sequences are associated with the secondary metabolites synthesis, while the products of the most biosynthetic gene clusters are still to be found, indicating their great potential in biosynthesis to be further explored. New cultivation methods, genome sequencing and bioinformatics, deep genome mining, synthetic biology, all will contribute to effective drug discovery of this genus. This review covers the new achievements in the study of Salinispora, from diversity, taxonomy to new compound discovery.